Finalpart2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finalpart2 - Essay Example Morgan and Northern Securities. Roosevelt was a strong proponent of labor who made immense efforts to help United States citizens. He tried his best to assist consumers and proposed the Pure Food And Drug Act to the congress that wasmeant to protect citizens from harmful foods and medicine. He also established a workman’s compensation scheme; this is a fee that employers had to pay employees who sustained injuries in the course of duty. William Taft issued a tarrif known as the Payne-Aldirich Tariff which placed high taxes on imported goods. He believed that this would be beneficial to the United States and helpbusiness to business to develop. Taft’s domestic agenda accentuated civil service reforms, trust-busting, fortifying the interstate commerce commission, passing the sixteenth amendment and bettering the performance of the postal dervice. On the foreign front, he sought to extend the economic development of nations in Asia and Latin America through "Dollar Diploma cy" and displayed absolute authority and moderation in response to the revolution in mexico. 4. The outbreak cold of the cold war can be majorly blamed on the united states and its allies after the first world war. The allies invaded the soviet union, armed and supplied the United States to fight the soviet government which was supported by bulk of the russians. This immediately became a source of conflict between the communist soviet union and the capitalists. The first strike was made by the united states and its allies arguing that the soviet union spread communism. The case put forward by the united states that the soviet union was to blame since they had put missiles in Cuba in incomplete and thoughtless. The americans already had the same missiles aimed at the Russians placed in Turkey and the missiles put in cuba were just a mechanism of leveling the playing field (Kennedy & Bailey, 2010). During this period of the cold war, the folowing three significant changes occurred in America’s foreign policy: The american government initiated the process of aiding anti soviet outfits like the Mujahideen in Afghanistan. Diplomatic ties were created between America and the People’s republic of China during this period. America initiated the diplomatic process that established NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to keep the Soviet Union in check. These policy changes ensured that America mended fences with previous enemeies like China and put in place measures that kept the country on top with regards to military might. 5. The race-related riots that broke out in numerous cities of the united states during the 1960s brought about many arrests, deaths, injuries, as well as significant damage of property that mainly affected the areas inhabited by african americans. It is hard to exactly identify the ways in which these riots impinged on economic activity in the united states over a long period of time, however various prospective reinforcing chane ls are present. Property risk increased in the central city neighborhoods resulting in a rise in insurance premiums compered to that before the riots. The riots caused increases in Taxes for income redistribution, fire and police protection, closure of some retail outlets and relocation of some employment opportunities and businesses. Other key impacts included relocation of higher and middle income households, destruction of buildings that were torched. These destructive impacts of the race-related ri

Reflective Essay Essay Example for Free

Reflective Essay Essay Reflective Essay Receiving the horrible news was more painful than walking on a thousand nails. The many times I told myself that it was all just a dream, the more I began to believe myself. All until the horrible realization that it was happening and that it was too good to be true. Realizing that every morning I woke up to go check his room he wouldn’t be there was one of the many realizations I had to experience. But there was one positive outcome of the death of my brother. It taught me that you can never take the time you spend with your loved ones for granted even if you only see or converse with them for five minutes, never take it for granted. I remember this tragic event like it was yesterday. My brother and I were 8 years apart. So we were very close. He left off going to Pennsylvania to go to Penn State College. We talked and texted at least 3 times a day if not more. Our conversations were very meaningful and I will always cherish the ones that we had. During Christmas of ’09 he came down for the home going of my aunt. Just being able to see him was enough for me. While talking to him my mother and I noticed that he had a lump on the left side of his neck and my mother advised him to get it checked out. So, he went to the doctor and they ran tests and found out that it was a cancerous tumor and that they would need to start treatment right away. Finding this out, my brother then moved back to Florida to start his treatments at ORMC (Orlando Regional Medical Center). After about 3 months of treatment, the doctor said that the cancer was more aggressive than they thought it could develop so they said there was nothing else that they could do. The medical staff proceeded to send Earl to hospice where he would no longer be taking chemotherapy but just medicine to relieve him of the pain. We all knew he wouldn’t be with us that much longer, but the persistence and determination in me believed that he would live to see me reach high school, get my license, and go to prom. Over time he stopped eating and had to be fed by tube. When he stopped eating, I realized that sooner or later my dreams of him seeing my accomplishments the things older siblings see their younger siblings do were over. He began to get weaker and weaker and he stopped talking to anyone. I remember the last time I saw him. We were lying down in his bed together and we were singing his favorite song. As it was time for me to go he said â€Å"I love you Boo† and those were the last words I ever got to hear him say to me. The next night, we all got that dreading phone call that he had left us here on earth to be with the heavenly father. The news was just heartbreaking and I couldn’t bear to hear it. This experience was very painful but it also allowed for me to gain some positivness in my thinking. Many teenagers today live life being ungrateful and snobby. Walking around thinking like that isn’t always the best because as the quote says you never realize what you had until it’s gone. Nowadays it takes a tragedy for modern day teenagers to learn and show gratitude towards parents and family members. The death of my brother awakened me to live life to the fullest and don’t go a day not doing anything because you never know when your time may be. It also taught me to never go a day without telling my other siblings and my parents I love you. Just saying those simple three words could mean a lot to anyone. Another thing it taught me was to always be happy and greet others with a smile and hug(depending on how well you know the person), even some strangers are welcome to hug if they are having a bad day. Just doing the simplest things could impact someone else’s life and you would never know. So if there is anything I could leave you with, never take life for granted, live life to its fullest and enjoy yourself. Make your life worthwhile and enjoy it.

Market Research Implementation Plan Essay -- Market Research

Market Research Implementation Plan Disney resorts currently exist in numerous locations across the world. In an effort to expand to South America, Disney must determine how potential customers, as well as locals to the Rio de Janeiro locale would feel about the new resort. Disney must utilize marketing research to make this determination, and the following discusses the four types of research methods Disney might use. Determining the research tools is an important step for the company because they are the ones that will be used to collect and analyze the data to determine the needs of the market. The objective is to examine the applicability of four different research tools such as surveys, questionnaires, focus groups and in depth interviews. The analysis will allow Disney to determine the most applicable research tool to obtain data used to make important decisions. There is also a compare and contrast section discussing pros and cons of each tool, as well as an analysis of which tool would be most effective to Dis ney. Finally, there is a definition of secondary market research as well as a description of how Disney will use secondary market research to determine how the resort would fair in such a location. Types of Research Methods Disney will use the several primary research methods to determine whether a new Disney resort would do well in Rio de Janeiro. The first research method will be the use of surveys. These surveys will be two-fold, as Disney needs to find out about current Disney visitors as well as locals in Rio de Janeiro. The surveys can help Disney get an idea of how receptive these two groups are to having a new Disney location. Questionnaires will allow Disney to determine not only how customers feel about... ...sney can use secondary market research to complete the research process. Defining secondary market research shows how such research can effectively supplement primary market research. Disney will use secondary research such as a census of languages in Rio de Janeiro, to help verify whether Disney can benefit the local economy of Rio as well as a study of popular languages in the area, to determine if bilingual staff is necessary. The selected tools will help Disney Brazil become another successful Disney resort. Works Cited Burns, A. C., Bush, R. F. (2006). Marketing research: Online research applications (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. IBGE (n.d). Home Page. Retrieved May 14, 2012 from http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/ Wikipedia (2012). Languages of Brazil. Retrieved May 14, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Brazil

Coca Cola Marketing Mix

Coca-Cola Marketing Mix The marketing mix of Coca cola has been changing over time with more and more products being added such that today it has 3300 products, and many different ways of advertising all those products. But because of this Coca cola is the brand with the highest brand equity. The 4 P’s of Marketing: Product, Price, Place and Promotion Product This company has the widest range of beverages of 3300 products. The Beverages are divided into many groups with individual products in these groups, these are; diet category, 100% fruit juices, fruit drinks, water, energy drinks, tea, coffee and more.Coca cola is the No. 1 brand in sparkling beverages, juice, and retail packaged water. Coca cola has its market presence around 200 countries. Coca cola’s other brands are Fanta, Maaza, Limca, sprite, Thums up, Minute Maid, Nimbu fresh, Nested iced tea and more. Price Because of the availability of the many different products the pricing is done according to the marke t and geographic segment. Each different brand of Coca Cola has different pricing strategy. Their pricing strategy is based on the competitors pricing, Pepsi is the main competitor to coke.Beverage market is said to be an oligopoly market (few sellers and large buyers), that’s why they form into cartel contract to ensure a mutual balance in pricing between the sellers. Place Coca cola is the world’s most favourite brand and is available all over the world. Selling in mostly everywhere in the world, you can find all the favourite different brands of Coca Cola in every big chain super market and in most little shops like corner shops. Promotion Coca cola uses various advertising and promotional strategies to create an increased demand in the market.They do this by associating Coca Cola with life style and behaviour and mainly targeting value based advertising. You are more likely to see a coke ad being for a particular festival or in with a general positive message. Coca cola uses CSR as its marketing tool to gain emotional benefits in consumers mind. The current promotions through CSR include â€Å"Support my school† campaign with NDTV. It allows price discounts and allowances to distributors and retailers in order to push more products into the market.It employs both push strategy through promotions and pull strategy through advertisements and campaigns. Also uses children in many adverts to get children interested in their products too. One of their most successful promotion idea was with farther Christmas, before coca cola St. Nick was wearing green but because of coca cola he is now the fat jolly guy wearing red that we all know now. Coca Cola targeted the most loved worldwide celebrated day of the year and tuned that day’s idol into something they created and will always be a big promoting point to them.

Red Lake High School Shooting Essay

Jeffrey James â€Å"Jeff† Weise was an Ojibwe Native American adolescent, and a student at Red Lake Senior High School in Red Lake, Minnesota. He killed nine people and wounded five others in a shooting spree on March 21, 2005, when he was just 16 years old. Weise first murdered his grandfather and grandfather’s girlfriend at his trailer home in Red Lake. He then shot and killed an unarmed security guard, a teacher and five students at Red Lake Senior High School. The shooting ended when Weise committed suicide. Research shows that Jeff was a strange young man, interested in Gothic things black clothing and Nazism, but a look a little further into his past led to a few interesting revelations. Jeff’s parents were never married, because his mother was only 17 when she gave birth. She was forced to give Jeff to his father when he was three months old. Then when he was two his mother took him back. She was reportedly an abusive alcoholic with a tendency to both physically and emotionally abuse her first born son. In 1997 Jeff’s father committed suicide after a two day standoff with police. Then in 1999 his mother suffered brain damage after a car accident in which she had been drinking and driving. Jeff was then placed in the care of his grandmother at the Red Lake Reservation. Jeff did not have the right start in life. His parents should have been older and more ready for a child when he was born. They also should have been married. Jeff also should have had a more stable home life as an infant. It is doubtful that he had a firm attachment with his mother or father considering that he was passed between them at 3 months old and 2 years old. He also should not have been physically or emotionally abused. His mother failed him in that aspect and the fact that she was an alcoholic makes it even worse. It is also doubtful that Jeff dealt with his father’s suicide in a healthy way. He did not have the support that he should have had from his mother. By the time he got to his grandmother’s care he had already led a very difficult life. This ties in to every chapter that we have discussed so far. It refers to attachment, abuse, adolescence and everything. It all goes back to the first thing we talked about that said when parents fail to give their child a good start in life everybody suffers, as is the case with the families of Jeff’s victims.

Creating Multiple-Choice Test Questions

Creating Multiple-Choice Test Questions Ten Essential Rules for Creating Multi-Choice Questions This article covers the basic rules for creating multiple-choice test questions. These types of tests are often undervalued and not often discussed, partly because they are less exciting than some learning and test techniques such as 3-D learning methods. If your work requires you to use test materials, then it is best to reduce or eliminate the errors that can arise from badly-written test questions. The writing rules listed in this article are designed to ensure tests are more precise. The aim is to end up with questions that are understood as they were intended and that the answer choices are clearly-written without providing hints. And, in case you are not very familiar with the terminology that goes with multi-choice questions, this is also explained below. How Multiple-Choice Questions are Made UpThe questions stem. A number of optional answers.Here is a question and some possible answers: The abbreviation ISD stands for which of the following: Irregular System DesignInstructors Systematic Design Instructional Systems Design Irrelevant System DesignIn this, a), b), c) and d) are the answer options, while a), b), and d) are distractors and c) is the right answer. The following are ten important rules. If there are any others you would like to add, please use the comments form ons website.Questions designed to test critical thinking skills and comprehension rather than merely recallSometimes, multi-choice questions attract criticism for testing nothing more than superficial knowledge recall. It is possible to go deeper by asking students to evaluate events or situations, interpret concepts and/or facts, analyze causes and effects, predict outcomes, and draw inferences.The majority of words should be placed in the stem of the questionIf your preference is to use a stem as opposed to a whole question make sure you put most words in the questions stem. This will allow you make answer choices shorter, thereby rendering them easier to read with less room for confusion.Use precise words and make the structure of sentences simpleThe structure of test or exam questions should be simple so that each one can be easily understood. Do your best to be as accurate as you possibly can be. Different words can mean different things depending on their context and how they are used colloquially.Make answer options a similar lengthAlthough this is not necessarily easy, those who are accustomed to taking tests can get clues to the right answer from the length. Frequently, the right answer is the longest one. If you cannot make all answers a similar length, try to write two long answers and two short ones.Do your best to make distractors sound plausibleIncorrect answer options should seem believable. While this can be difficult, it is best not to throw in obvious distractors (also spelled distracters) because this reduces the validity of a test.The order of correct answer options should be mixed upTry to ensure the majority of correct answer options are not, say, a or b. This happens frequently. Spread correct answer options in random order and do not allow them to form a detectable pattern. When you have written a test, go back and do some reordering if needs be.Double negatives should be avoidedThis should not sound like news! Words like no, not and nor should not be combined in sentences, nor with un prefixes. The following question could, for instance, cause confusion for test-takers: which of these situations would not be unpleasant to a workforce? Turn it around to its positive version e.g. which of these situations would be pleasant to a workforce?Try not to trick those taking your testWhile they may have their faults, the purpose of a test is to evaluate knowledge. So, do not use questions or answer choices that could trick a test taker. If a question or answer option is in any way ambiguous, revise it.Be cautious when using All or None as an answer optionA lot of test writers do not like this particular rule because they find ALL or NONE of the above useful when they run short of distractor ideas. However, these do not necessarily help learning. For example, if it is not used in a consistent manner all the ab ove can be a throwaway answer. This option can additionally promote guesswork where a test-taker feels one or more answer is right. A further problem with the answer none is that you cannot judge if the student really does know the right answer.Use a consistent number of answer optionsHaving answer options that go to i for one set of questions and only to d in the next can leave the test-taker not knowing what to expect and it can create a user-interface problem. Studies cannot seem to agree on whether or not it is best to have three, four or five answer options. However, many believe that four options is a fair and realistic number.

Reflection †Thank You for Smoking essayEssay Writing Service

Reflection – Thank You for Smoking essayEssay Writing Service Reflection – Thank You for Smoking essay Reflection – Thank You for Smoking essayThe movie under consideration is entitled â€Å"Thank You for Smoking† and is a successful adaptation of the novel by Christopher Buckley. Jason Reitman’s media sharp satire deals with cigarette industry and a brilliant career of the tobacco lobby Nick Naylor, whose job is to present daily proof that there are no problems with tobacco indeed killing many each year. On continuing to defend them he promotes a cover anti-smoking advertising and wins several arguments demonstrating his moral flexibility. It is a true challenge to defend a controversial issue that is evidently harmful, analyze the issue and demonstrate it from another angle. Nick insists on tobacco being overreacted as a social issue and finds it important for everyone to decide for himself what is best. He has to do his job though it seemingly goes against what he believes as a young father. However, speaking to the audience in the assembly, the spokesman accen tuates that tobacco education should be first and foremost at family level. He teaches his son that nothing can be totally proven and that the beauty of an argument is that if you argue correctly, you’re never wrong. Nick talks fluently of challenging things, but the climax is when he is straightly asked if he gives his son the first cigarette, he appears to lose part of himself at the very moment he acknowledges it. Nick demonstrates liberal tolerance and his toleration of his son’s future smoking contradicts with his moral obligation to his son to safeguard his life and health.Thus, the spokesman violates the ethical to reestablish it later. He sacrifices his son’s future health for a greater ethical good, that is freedom of choice. He shows that he won’t compel his son act this or that and sacrifices his personal victory for the benefit of society. Freedom is high above that and his son’s health doesn’t outweigh the right of every citizen to make free choices. Nick’s job lies in making dangerous products like tobacco more appealing to the American public along with other members of the MOD Squad. But only he demonstrates how his own maxims and intentions contradict with his actions and results. On the one hand, he probably uses others as mere means in his scheme of action, during anti-tobacco advertising campaign or deceives people on TV show when he proves that tobacco industry wouldn’t like to lose its consumer and kill him by the example of a 15-year old boy dying from cancer. He gives his audience who doesn’t now his real maxim some false promises that he is not going to keep. On the other hand, the character acts beneficently as he tries to achieve what others want and lobbies freedom of choice, his beneficence being selective.   Though we cannot say that from the very beginning his words express his true intentions, but according to the Formula of the End in Itself   his intentions fos ter others ends and promote freedom of choice without any constrain. Nick Naylor definitely faces moral dilemma when human happiness demands the sacrifice of someone’s lives and welfare. Despite using his audience as mere means at first, his intention at the end is to bring them to happier result valuing the life and choice of each and every person. The character shows that no one should be an instrument and mere means in others hands, humans should be treated as ends in themselves for their own benefit.

Chinese Translations of Common English Names

Chinese Translations of Common English Names Learn your Chinese name with this list of English names and their Chinese translation. They are ordered alphabetically, by gender, and  translated based on the English pronunciation of the names. The Chinese names are written in simplified characters, which are used in Mainland China. How the Names Are Translated It is common for Chinese people to translate their native names into English by pronunciation. An English translation is created by using the similar sounds of the Chinese characters. English names can also be translated to Chinese the same way. However, characters in Chinese are often chosen based off of meaning, not just pronunciation, as some characters put together form negative combinations. Gender also introduces  a variety of characters that includes a description of the name, like Marilyn Monroe (玛ä ¸ ½Ã¨Å½ ²Ã‚ ·Ã¦ ¢ ¦Ã©Å" ²) versus Jim Monroe (Ã¥ â€°Ã¥ §â€ Ã‚ ·Ã©â€" ¨Ã§ ½â€"). Here, the latter can be described as more masculine, and the former can be considered more feminine, giving emphasis to their differences in nature. Female Chinese Names A-EAbie  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã§ ¢ §Adriana  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ ¾ ·Ã©â€¡Å'ä ºÅ¡Ã¥ ¨Å"Alanis  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¦â€¹â€°Ã¥ ° ¼Ã¦â€" ¯Alexandra  Ã¤ ºÅ¡Ã¥Å½â€ Ã¥ ± ±Ã¥ ¾ ·Ã¦â€¹â€°Alice  Ã§Ë† ±Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¤ ¸ Alicia  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¨Å½â€°Ã¨ ¥ ¿Ã¤ ºÅ¡Alison  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¨Å½â€°Ã¦ £ ®Alyssa  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¨Å½â€°Ã¨Å½Å½Amanda  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¦â€º ¼Ã¨ ¾ ¾Amelia  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¦ ¢â€¦Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¥ ¨â€¦Amy  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã§ ¾Å½Anastasia  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ ¨Å"ä ¸ Ã¥ ¡â€Ã¨ ¥ ¿Ã¤ ºÅ¡Andrea  Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¾ ·Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¥ ¨â€¦Angelina  Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ â€°Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¥ ¨Å"Angie  Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ â€°Ann  Ã¥ ®â€°Anna  Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¨Å"Anne  Ã¥ ®â€°Annette  Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¦ ®Ã§â€° ¹Annie  Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¦ ®April  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¦â„¢ ®Ã¥ °â€Ariana  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¨Å"Ashley  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã¨Å½â€°Audrey  Ã¥ ¥ ¥Ã© »â€ºÃ¤ ¸ ½Barbara  Ã§ ¬â€ Ã§ ¬â€ Ã¦â€¹â€°Becky  Ã¨ ´ Ã¥Å¸ ºBetsy  Ã¨ ´ Ã§  ªBetty  Ã¨ ´ Ã¨â€™â€šBeyonce  Ã§ ¢ §Ã¦Ëœâ€šÃ¦â€" ¯Bianca  Ã§ ¢ §Ã¦Ëœâ€šÃ¥  ¡Brenda  Ã¥ ¸Æ'å… °Ã¨ ¾ ¾Bridget  Ã¥ ¸Æ'é‡Å'Ã¥ â€°Ã§â€° ¹Brittany  Ã¥ ¸Æ'é‡Å'Ã¥ ¡â€Ã¥ ° ¼Broo ke  Ã¥ ¸Æ'é ² Ã¥â€¦â€¹Caitlin  Ã¥â€¡ ¯Ã§â€° ¹Ã§  ³Cameron  Ã¥  ¡Ã¦ ¢â€¦Ã©Å¡â€ Candace  Ã¥ Å½Ã¨ ¿ ªÃ¦â€" ¯Carmen  Ã¥  ¡Ã©â€" ¨Carol  Ã¥  ¡Ã§ ½â€"Ã¥ °â€Carrie  Ã¥â€¡ ¯Ã¨Å½â€°Cassandra  Ã¥  ¡Ã¦ ¡â€˜Ã¥ ¾ ·Ã¦â€¹â€°Catherine  Ã¥â€¡ ¯Ã§â€˜Å¸Ã§  ³Cathy  Ã¥â€¡ ¯Ã¨ ¥ ¿Cecile  Ã¨ µâ€ºÃ¨Å'Å"å„ ¿Celeste  Ã¨ ¥ ¿Ã¨Å½ ±Ã¦â€" ¯Ã§â€° ¹Charlotte  Ã¥ ¤ Ã§ » ¿Ã¨â€™â€šChelsea  Ã¥Ë†â€¡Ã¥ °â€Ã¨ ¥ ¿Cheryl  Ã¨ ° ¢Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¥ °â€Christina  Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã©â€¡Å'æâ€" ¯Ã¨â€™â€šÃ¥ ¨Å"Christine  Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¨Å½â€°Ã¦â€" ¯Ã¥ © ·Christy  Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã©â€¡Å'æâ€" ¯Ã¨â€™â€šCindy  Ã¨ ¾â€ºÃ¨ ¿ ªClaire  Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¨Å½ ±Ã¥ °â€Clara  Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¨Å½ ±Ã¦â€¹â€°Claudia  Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥Å  ³Ã¨ ¿ ªÃ¥ ¨â€¦Constance  Ã¥ º ·Ã¦â€" ¯Ã¥  ¦Ã¦â€" ¯Courtney  Ã¨â‚¬Æ'ç‰ ¹Ã¥ ° ¼Cynthia  Ã¨ ¾â€ºÃ¨ ¥ ¿Ã¥ ¨â€¦Daisy  Ã¦Ë† ´Ã¨ ¥ ¿Dalila  Ã¨ ¾ ¾Ã¥Ë† ©Ã¦â€¹â€°Dana  Ã¤ ¸ ¹Ã¥ ¨Å"Daniela  Ã¤ ¸ ¹Ã¦ ¶â€¦Ã¦â€¹â€°Danielle  Ã¤ ¸ ¹Ã¥ ¦ ®Ã¥ °â€Daphne  Ã¨ ¾ ¾Ã¨Å â„¢Ã¥ ¦ ®Deborah  Ã© »â€ºÃ¥ Å¡Ã¦â€¹â €°Denise  Ã¤ ¸ ¹Ã¥ ¦ ®Ã¤ ¸ Destiny  Ã© »â€ºÃ¤ ¸ Ã¨â€™â€šÃ¥ ¦ ®Diana  Ã© »â€ºÃ¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¨Å"Diane  Ã© »â€ºÃ¥ ®â€°Dina  Ã¨ ¿ ªÃ¥ ¨Å"Donna  Ã¥â€ Ã¥ ¨Å"Doreen  Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã§  ³Dorian  Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã©â€¡Å'Ã¥ ®â€°Edna  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¥ ¾ ·Ã¥ ¨Å"Eileen  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã§  ³Elena  Ã¤ ¼Å Ã¨Å½ ²Ã¥ ¨Å"Elisa  Ã§Ë† ±Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¨Å½Å½Elisabeth  Ã¤ ¼Å Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¨Å½Å½Ã§â„¢ ½Elise  Ã§Ë† ±Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¤ ¸ Elizabeth  Ã¤ ¼Å Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¨Å½Å½Ã§â„¢ ½Ella  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¦â€¹â€°Elle  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¨Å½â€°Ellen  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¤ ¼ ¦Eloise  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¨  Ã¤ ¾ Elora  Ã¤ ¼Å Ã¥Å  ³Ã¦â€¹â€°Elsa  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¥ °â€Ã¨Å½Å½Elyse  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¤ ¸ Emily  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã§ ± ³Ã¨Å½â€°Emma  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã§Å½â€ºErica  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¥  ¡Erika  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¥  ¡Eve  Ã¤ ¼Å Ã¥ ¤ «Eveline  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã§ » ´Ã§  ³Evelyn  Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¨Å â„¢Ã§  ³F-JFelicia  Ã¨  ²Ã¨Å½â€°Ã¨ ¥ ¿Ã¤ ºÅ¡Justine  Ã¨ ´ ¾Ã¦â€" ¯Ã¦ ±â‚¬Julie  Ã¦Å" ±Ã¤ ¸ ½Julia  Ã¦Å" ±Ã¤ ¸ ½Ã¥ ¨â€¦Judy  Ã¦Å" ±Ã¨â€™â€šJudith  Ã¦Å" ±Ã¨ ¿ ªÃ¦â‚¬  Joyce  Ã¤ ¹â€Ã¨â€° ¾Ã¦â€" ¯Joy  Ã¤ ¹â€Ã¤ ¼Å Johanna  Ã§ º ¦Ã§ ¿ °Ã¥ ¨Å"Jodie  Ã¦Å" ±Ã¨ ¿ ªJoanne  Ã¤ ¹â€Ã¥ ®â€°Joanna  Ã¤ ¹â€Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¨Å"Joan  Ã§  ¼Jinny  Ã¥ â€°Ã¥ ¦ ®Jessica  Ã¦  °Ã¨ ¥ ¿Ã¥  ¡Jenny  Ã§  Ã¥ ¦ ®Jennifer  Ã§  Ã¥ 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Evaluate Financial Conditions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluate Financial Conditions - Research Paper Example ment arrangements in external cash and investment pools, which are not registered by SEC, are usually determined by the fair worth for every allocation of the pool’s principal portfolio, except if the pool is such like 2a7. Thus a 2a7-like pool is an external and cash investment pool which functions in accordance to the SEC’s Rule 2a7 as circulated under the regulation of Investment Company Act of 1940, as adjusted. Investment arrangements in a 2a7-lie pool ought to be calculated at the net asset worth for every share supplied by the pool. An internal cash and investment pool on the other hand is an arrangement which pools the funds of over one component unit or fund of a given reporting entity. Internal cash and investment pools are to adhere to the guidance for non-current and short-term investments provided by various regulations. The position of each equity of every account taking part in the investment pool must be stated as an asset in the respective participating account. Costs and income related with investments that are internally pooled are to be described in the accounts that account for the investments except if contractual or legal provisions need transfer of quantities to a different account (Crawford & Loyd, 2009). â€Å"Interim financial reports are not needed for state and governmental units since external users of financial reports have no need to assess monthly or quarterly performance of the government.†I totally agree with this statement since interim reports are usually prepared for the sole use of government oversight or management. It is very rare that interim reports will be released or issued to members of the general public. Interim reports are made either on a monthly or quarterly basis and usually show operating results, financial position as well as any other significant information. Such reports may also be used in comparison of actual financial data to budget. The main principles by which the interim financial reporting is

The characters in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The characters in To Kill a Mockingbird - Essay Example This quotation tells about the culture and lifestyle of Maycomb that was a small and old town that has nothing to do. People in the city did not have enough money to buy things, the men of the city used to wear collars and women used to wear talcum powders. The streets were filled with dirt and individuals did not have any money to go or do something. This shows the lifestyle, clothing and routine of the people. It demonstrates about the culture of the city and their economical status (Lee). ‘nigger-lover is just one of those terms that don’t mean anything – like snot nos. Its hard to explain ignorant, trashy people use it when they think somebody’s favouring..† (Lee 59).This quote of Scout reflects that even if any individual admired a black person he had no meaning or respect in the city. Any people who were inclined toward back people (mockingbird) in the city were actually running behind nothing. They were actually after a trash that actually had no meaning and justification to acquire. Here it shall be observed that a person who had black color were represented through a word ‘negga’ and did not have any respect in the society (Lee). ‘While gentlemen, we know is in itself a lie as black as Tom Robinson’s skin, a lie I don’t have to point out to you. You know that truth, and the truth is this: Some Negroes lie, some Negroes are immoral, some Negro men are not to be trusted around women.’Analyzing this quotation it shall be noted that because Tom Robinson was black he was considered to be a liar in the society.

Non Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Non - Essay Example The painting has a symmetrical balance. The characters in the painting get provided with equal weight as the artist appears to have evenly divided the painting into two equal pieces by an imaginary line in the middle of the peace. The characters on each half of the painting also get drawn through the middle of each pane. The artist uses balance to evenly contrast the two emotions of the characters in the painting (Clarke 34). The artist uses a vertical color that divides the piece evenly into two. The artist uses one half to present the happy and smiling character, and the other half he employs to depict the sad character. The artist also employs the use of a curved white line around the hair of the character with a smiling face which assists to further depict the softening effect, pleasing, and sensual quality of the character. The artist uses a variety of color to communicate the emotions represented by the characters in the painting. One half of the painting gets dominated by brig ht colors while the other gets dominated by dark colors. On the character with a smiling face and what appears to be a happy mood, the artist employs the use of white tints of yellow, brown, blue, purple, and black. The use of a variety of tinted colors makes this half of the painting easily striking compared to the other half. ... The use of these shades provides the character with a heavy look. The artist employs the use of diagonal lines on both halves of the painting. On the background of each character, there appear diagonal lines with varying tint and shades. On the background of the happy character, the artist uses cross-cutting diagonal lines of white tint lines of clue. The background of the sad character gets characterized by cross-cutting diagonal lines of brown shade. The use of diagonal lines in the piece by the artist assists to create movement within the picture and thus create varying focal points within the artwork. The artist also draws a balance at the center of the piece by using an almost vertical line that consists of multiple colors of different shades and tints. Through the use of various colors and lines, the artist employs the use of texture throughout the painting. The half with a happy character has a smooth texture. The artist achieves this by using white tint of various colors. The white tint used on this half of the painting provides it with a light feel. The artist also seems to have employed the use of smooth and gentle brush strokes on this half of the painting (Clark 67). The artist also uses straight diagonal lines in the background of the character making this half of the painting to have an overall smooth feel. The use of dark shade on the half with the sad character provides the painting with a rough feel. The dark shade paint used provides a thick feel to this half of the painting. The shade on this half of the piece appears to have gotten created seem to have gotten created out of broad and impulse brush strokes. This provides the sad character with a dynamic and rough feel. Emphasis on the painting is on the contrast of the two characters within

Discussing Darwins Evolutionary Theory through Using Monsters, Like Research Paper

Discussing Darwins Evolutionary Theory through Using Monsters, Like Werewolves - Research Paper Example The article is well-written, thorough, vivid, and easy to follow or understand. The author successfully conveys the evolution of people’s beliefs about monsters and how scientists, especially naturalists, tried to prove that monsters are not real, or merely products of a restless imagination. This essay evaluates the article in terms of content and purpose. The article is divided into three subtopics—The Slow Death of the Wolfman, Missing Links, and From Apes to Ape Men. As far back as 2,000 B.C., the idea of a werewolf has already existed. During the ancient period, images of monsters filled the imaginations of ordinary folks; many assumed that prehistory was characterized by a frightening environment of alive distorted body parts, moving around and joining together to form strange hybrids. No one during Darwin’s time believed in such an idea, but it was completely rational to look at the mysteries of the production of species—evolution or transmutation. Eventually, monsters have been regarded as probable links to the evolution of new species (Amigoni 36). If monsters were mutations or departures from the normal, then perhaps they were the answer to the question of species differences. This is the main point of the article. In terms of content, the article is clear-cut and explanatory, but not in a tedious, dull way. Although the author talks about a subject matter that is scientific, technical, and formal, he is able to keep the discussion appealing and fascinating by making his descriptions vivid or graphics. For instance, he describes how evolutionists of the 19th century look at the idea of monsters in this way (Regal 2): Others, though unwilling to accept mermaids, argued that even more, wondrous creatures existed as a result of evolution.  

When is marketing a valuable social practice Term Paper

When is marketing a valuable social practice - Term Paper Example There are a myriad of ethical challenges faced by marketers across the globe. Brenkert, a philosopher, points out some of these key challenges. The first challenge is the use of sex and fear during marketing campaigns. A number of critiques believe that some of the marketing materials used to instill fear amongst the public from using a product or associating with other people. The second challenge is deception and invasion of privacy. Marketing has been criticized for aiding greed, providing misleading information as they persuade people to buy products and services they do not need and spent a lot of money that could be used in other areas. It’s also been criticized for neglecting the low-end people in the society and only focuses on the rich tycoons in the society. Since marketers are only concerned by those who are able to buy their products, they are seldom concerned about the poor people. Advertisements are directed to the poor people are very low-quality ones. Finally, it’s been accused of being intrusive and might distract attention of people. With the above challenges and accusations, critiques have regarded marketing as a waste of time, and spend a lot of resources convincing customers to purchase products and access services they don’t need. It has been blamed for promoting consumerism and materialism.

Discussing Darwins Evolutionary Theory through Using Monsters, Like Research Paper

Discussing Darwins Evolutionary Theory through Using Monsters, Like Werewolves - Research Paper Example The article is well-written, thorough, vivid, and easy to follow or understand. The author successfully conveys the evolution of people’s beliefs about monsters and how scientists, especially naturalists, tried to prove that monsters are not real, or merely products of a restless imagination. This essay evaluates the article in terms of content and purpose. The article is divided into three subtopics—The Slow Death of the Wolfman, Missing Links, and From Apes to Ape Men. As far back as 2,000 B.C., the idea of a werewolf has already existed. During the ancient period, images of monsters filled the imaginations of ordinary folks; many assumed that prehistory was characterized by a frightening environment of alive distorted body parts, moving around and joining together to form strange hybrids. No one during Darwin’s time believed in such an idea, but it was completely rational to look at the mysteries of the production of species—evolution or transmutation. Eventually, monsters have been regarded as probable links to the evolution of new species (Amigoni 36). If monsters were mutations or departures from the normal, then perhaps they were the answer to the question of species differences. This is the main point of the article. In terms of content, the article is clear-cut and explanatory, but not in a tedious, dull way. Although the author talks about a subject matter that is scientific, technical, and formal, he is able to keep the discussion appealing and fascinating by making his descriptions vivid or graphics. For instance, he describes how evolutionists of the 19th century look at the idea of monsters in this way (Regal 2): Others, though unwilling to accept mermaids, argued that even more, wondrous creatures existed as a result of evolution.  

Industry Analysis and Outlook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Industry Analysis and Outlook - Essay Example Recently, with the advent of globalization and information technology, the e-commerce market has swelled exponentially. Online retail sales are growing 30% annually. The basic reasons for this growth are: convenience, information sharing, and personalization. Other historical facts which confirm the growth of this sort of market place are: Euromonitor reported that India will be Asia’s fastest growing market for online travel retail by 2010. Moreover the consumer e-commerce market in India is estimated to cross 90 billion by 2011. So after considering these facts and figures the industry outlook is looking very optimistic. These figures should encourage business to setup online channels to reach their customers. However, some caution is also required when going online. The biggest worry for businesses that went online was the harm this step caused to their relationship with their existing retailers and whole sellers. But a counter strategy is worth developing, and businesses c annot ignore the potential market that can be tapped through the internet. Critical needs of perceived market: Mail Attire is aiming to address the needs of those set of individuals who are office going, and therefore are time starved to concentrate on their office wear. Since they do not have time to lookout for comfortable and stylish office wear, they end up wearing out of fashion and uncomfortable clothes. Here, the company come in; the product offering will address customers need for comfort and look stylish in front of their peers. After thorough research in office wear category, the company has finally reached the conclusion that the comfort problem can be eliminated through precise fitting and measuring of outfit, while the need to look stylish can be satisfied through offering quality fabric. Therefore, the company will work along these dimensions and try to satisfy all our customers. Business Model: Since, the company is committed in providing the customers with comfort an d style, and that too without wasting their time. The company is therefore having a brick and mortar business model. To get the accurate body measurements of the customer they would be invited to the company store, where the expert tailor will personally take the body measurements and feed them into the online customer database. Well, after this procedure customers would not have to come back again to the store for body measurements unless they experience a change in the body mass. Having done this, the customer can return home and through the customer-oriented website place an order of his liking and budget, whenever he feel free. In the diversified and highly selective fabric portfolio of the company, customers will find fashionable and comfortable material. After customers have placed an order, the company will take seven working days to deliver the order. Identifying the target market: Initially the company will be targeting the audience of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: U.S Census B ureau Figures 2010 Population of Pittsburgh (city), Pennsylvania 305,704 Bachelor's degree or higher, % of persons 33.80% Targeted Working Class 103327.952 This targeted working class will form the probable clientele. General profile of targeted clients: The potential Clients are educated,

The Rise of Private High Schools Essay Example for Free

The Rise of Private High Schools Essay Intro For hundreds of years high school education has been the responsibility of the state.   Yet, in no time in history did government become so fully involved in adolescent education as after the Second World War.   The era of big government would mean big spending in various social programs, one of the most important of which would be education.   Groundbreaking advances would be seen in the instruction of various areas of education previously ignored, such as music, art and sports. Along with this involvement in the lives of their children came parents faith that in countries such as Canada and the United States, public education, most specifically high school education, would lay the ground work for a secure and prosperous future for the future adults of the nation.    It was only towards the end of the Cold War that globalization accompanied by neo-liberal economics would force Canadians to re-examine their public high schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The increasing importance of changing technology coupled with the general decline of public schools has caused us to look with greater skepticism upon governments ability to manage the school system in the present day.   It is for these very reasons that parents have become more open to the advantages of private education.   Despite the fact that public high schools are still largely in the hands of government in the last twenty years, we have seen a significant growth in private institution attendance.   The purpose of this work is to discuss the rise of private high school education and discuss its possible future. Literature Review Current literature supports the decline of the public high school and the rise in importance of the private school.   Aurini and Davies (2004, 2007) have done indepth investigation on areas of private schooling in Ontario such as private tutoring and home schooling and throughout their readings have upheld that private education is on the rise.   Aurini (2004) in her experience as a private tutor and in her subsequent investigation into private education has seen a notable rise in important of private education, most specifically with attitudes towards parents.   In fact Aurini (2006) goes to far as to say that appearance of private education has resulted in the re-molding of public education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although it is clear that studies are showing the rising importance of private education they are also outlining why this is occurring.   Geiger (1994) clearly holds the belief that the globalized world and the resultant increase of demands on students and schools to keep up with technological advances is overwhelming for public schools and shrinking education budgets.   Davies (1999) adds to this argument in his analysis of religious groups and the growing acceptance by governments of their demands.   Whereas twenty years ago their was a much more melting-pot mentality surrounding different demands for schooling, with the growth of individualism world wide so comes the growth of individual education. There are numerous liberal minded authors such as Finn who believe that the answers to these problems can be given by the market.   The constant push by some scholars to consistently patch up public school problems are rejected by Finn.   He believes a more radical change is necessary to clean up public schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet, many authors continue to believe in the public school system and contend that it is an essential part of democracy and equality in a nation.   Fotopoulos (2004) claims that while individuals live in society, they are in fact social individuals and that one of the most proven methods of making them part of society is through a public school system.   Yet, other than increase school budgets it becomes more and more difficult to find solutions to the public school systems problems.   Cowley (2001), in exasperation states, â€Å"while there is agreement about the need for better schools, there is no agreement about how to improve our schools.†    Growth of Private Education Various forms of private education have expanded in impressive numbers in the Western world over the past two centuries.   What was once thought of as a luxury or an innecessity by many parents is now being reconsidered as a viable and safe option.   Canada is not the exception, although it is a notable example of how private education entities are making headway. Davies and Aurini (2004) claim that enrollment in private schools in Canada has gone from 5% to 6% during the past decade (p. 420).   Although the number in appearance may seem small it translates to a 20% growth for private schools.   In Ontario the growth is even more staggering and reached 40% with a total of 750 schools in the province (Davies and Aurini, p. 420).   Private education is gaining importance with parents of both younger and older students.   This is clearly seen in the expansion of Montessori schools as well as proprietary vocational colleges (Aurini and Davies, 2004).   In addition we should not forget about the growth of private tutoring and home schooling. Apart from the growth of private institutions it is important to take into consideration perceptions of private versus public education.   A survey taken last year found that â€Å"46% of parents would prefer to send their school age children to private schools, while 60% of Ontarians agreed with the phrase ‘private school students receive a much better education than public school students’† (Aurini, 2006, p. 108)    Trouble in Public Education As previously mentioned private education, until recently, has taken the back seat the overwhelming importance of government lead education.   An understanding of public education today and all its faults requires that we understand its history.   At the turn of the century we saw a significant rise in big government, specifically in Canada.   The culture and society that revolved around the welfare state of the post-WWII period clearly supported governments incursion into the fields of education and health, to name a few. Parents placing their children in the hands of the state held the general belief that the schools would do their best to provide equal opportunity and social mobility.   Private schools were seen to fall in the realm of those who could afford their astronomical prices. Most often private schools were identified with religion and the upper classes.   Gabbard (2004) states that public schools in American society have held such responsibilities as â€Å"equalizing gender and racial inequalities, providing the knowledge and skills that give everyone an equal opportunity to experience the ‘American Dream,’ producing a workforce with skills that enable U.S. corporations to compete effectively in the global marketplace, and preparing citizens to be effective participants in a democratic society† (p. 3).  Ã‚   There was a common desire to believe that â€Å"schools strengthen our democracy, [and] our ability to meaningfully participate in the decision-making processes that impact our communities and our lives† (Gabbard, 2004, p. 3). Whether or not public schools are still up to this task is one of the terrible questions we must ask ourselves.   Indeed, what has always been a monumental task has been further been burdened by the nature of our increasingly global, increasingly technology based and increasingly competitive society.   Geiger (1994) claims, â€Å"To succeed in the 21st century, today’s students must graduate with more than knowledge of the past.   They must have the ability to synthesize and analyze new information, think for themselves, and adapt quickly to a world where change in the constant† (p. 63).   The technological tools that are present in almost all forms of work are often not found in public schools (Geiger, 1994). Trouble in High Schools Clearly high schools are facing challenges they have not had to face in the past fifty years or that maybe they never have had to face.   Run-down buildings, over-crowded classes, school violence, and poor rural support are only some of the problems on the long list any teacher, parent or school administrator could give you.   There seems to be less schools than ever.   One report shows that,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A complete restructuring of high school facilities is needed, as the current design pushes teenagers into an environment contrary to the way they learn. The first and most important change should be a reduction in the size of high schools. Research has shown that students have better attendance, are less likely to drop out, exhibit fewer discipline problems, and perform better when attending a smaller high school† (Hall and Handly, 2004, p. 21). An even more preoccupying problem is that of violence at school.   The last few centuries has witnessed an increase in attacks of rage and a significantly more violent atmosphere.   One administrator claims that, â€Å"It was only after many years of experience and investigation that we began to understand the degree of rage todays teenagers feel and how the school system is failing them, not only academically but in just about every imaginable way† (Hall and Handly, 2004, p. 21).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While urban schools are plagued by violence and over-crowded classrooms many rural Ontario schools are lacking in basic material resources.   Low school funding seems to be a problem best known to northern boards and rural Ontario boards (Trouble in, 2004).   A study done by The People for Education shows that â€Å"Ontario’s smaller schools are less likely to have librarians or guidance counsellors, music teachers or physical education teachers. And they are much more likely to be threatened with closing† (Trouble in, 2004) . Neo-liberal education There is no doubt that current international focus on liberal economics and globalization has a significant say in where public high schools stand and where they are headed to go.   Neo-liberal and conservative ideology clearly hold the idea that most government run enterprises are bound to get caught up in inefficiency and become labeled as inadequate.   Davies and Aurini (2004) claim that â€Å"The profit motive and need to compete for student-clients is said to provide powerful incentives to improve educational services. Since such incentives do not exist in large public bureaucracies, educational businesses are more likely to deliver real results, according to advocates.† This has resulted in a rising importance of educational entrepreneurialism, mostly brought on by the changing nature of schooling and pressures in the global market place.   According to Aurini (2004) the market, as in so many areas of society, including healthcare, is attempting to weed out insufficient agents.   She states that, â€Å"The belief that competition and de-bureaucratization encourages accountability, efficiency and consumer responsiveness† (p. 476).   In addition she claims that, â€Å"For market advocates, public schools’ monopoly status and bureaucratized form and the presence of teacher’s professional associations foster apathy and mediocrity to the detriment of education consumers† (p. 476). In the presence of competition public education entities may have to admit that they no longer enjoy a monopoly.   Finn states that, â€Å"If schools want students and the dollars that accompany them, they must attract those students, and in order to attract them they have to provide quality education.†Ã‚   In addition, some research suggests that business in education is resulting in the adoption of these same practices by public institutions (Davies and Aurini, 2004).   At the core of the argument is the belief that the market and forces of the market provide better education because the private businesses have to compete with each other. Tutoring: A Growing Industry The significant growth of one sector of private education in particular provides us with significant insight on how private education has progressed over the last years.   While in the past private tutoring enterprises consisted of test-prep centers and moonlighting teachers they have now evolved into private tutoring services that may   include preschool programs, math and reading classes, and writing and public peaking programs (Aurini, 2004, p. 478).   Aurini (2004) claims these entities are a highly evolved form of tutoring, these businesses are often developed as franchises or morph into comprehensive private schools. Aurini (2004) in her two year study of private tutoring institutions in Ontario Canada shows that the significant rise in private tutoring shows a clear shift from public to private education.   According to studies the percentage of Ontario parents requesting private tutoring for their school age children has gone up from 17% in 1997 to 24% in 2003 (Aurini 2004).   In addition, the number of formal businesses that offer fuller tutoring services has grown between 200%-500% in major Canadian cities over the past 30 years, a growth that is independent of public school enrolments or economic trends (Davies and Aurini, 2004, p. 422).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a further study done on tutoring franchises tutoring businesses are shown to be standardizing and broadening their services through franchises. In the form of what are being called learning centers, â€Å"franchises are increasingly transcending old-style test prep and homework support, and are bundling together a variety of offerings that sometimes encroach upon public school practices. A result is that learning centres are becoming increasingly school-like by providing an alternative to public education, rather than a mere supplement† (Aurini and Davies, 204, p. 419).  Ã‚   They attribute this expansion to the fact that franchising is the next obvious step in a successful business and they add that, â€Å"Service industries with many franchises such as coffee and fast food have likely grown much faster than industries marked mainly by a series of small independents†Ã‚   (Davies and Aurini, 204, p. 423).   As high school students are one of the largest groups using tutoring services, this subtle shift from public to private education is bound to have long-term consequences. Ethnicity and Individualism It has clearly been shown through data and example that private education has made great inroads in the education market, largely due to the failures of High schools and other educational entities to keep up to the demands of our fast paced, technology driven society.   It is important to note that while technology is clearly a part of globalism’s demands on high schools, individualism and multiculturalism also play an important role in the weakening of the public high schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While in the past it was common for religious groups to make demands on public government on term of their religion, it is now common for ethnic groups to make these same demands.   Davies (1999) states that, â€Å"Rather than presenting their cause as religious revivalism and morality in public education terms with little efficacy in todays political culture-the coalitions are evoking the idioms of multiculturalism, minority rights, and school choice† (p. 3).   Some religious groups have requested that Quebec, â€Å"embrace the reality of group based diversity in its schools, and they couch this tenet in the language of multiculturalism. The coalitions are united in an understanding of multiculturalism in which religious minority communities require separate education† (Davies 1999, p. 15).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Canada had never been the melting pot that the United States has been education has been fairly homogeneous.   This is important because it shows the growing importance on individuality in Canada’s education system.   In Canada this is particularly important as one of the country’s core tenets has been unity in diversity.   Canada’s long standing respect for cultures has been a core element of its foundation from the beginning.   Having Quebec as an outspoken and integral culture within Canada may have even sensitized us to an even greater extent than other western countries.   That these demands may not be met by public high schools is of course essential to the legitimization of private schools. Intensive Parenting and Individual Children Canadians are having less and less children.   Whereas in the past families consisted of an average of three children many couples are opting to have one or two children.   This most likely is as a result of global factors and heightened individualism in parents living in an extremely materialist society.   The result of global parents and less children is an intensive style of parenting that requires them to be present in every aspect of their child’s life.   The psychology, health and education of Canadian children is under a microscopic lens. Private institutions cater to this new breed of parent using such slogans as calls â€Å"to ‘develop you child’s gifts and talents’† (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 420).   Customized education is guaranteed to secure your child with a future in a global economy that seems to becoming increasingly competitive and fast paced.    As Aurini and Davies have observed â€Å"education has become the medium to advance upon or maintain a socioeconomic position as economic prospects for those without credentials deteriorate. Higher education is increasingly sought after throughout Canada† (Davies and Aurini, 2004, p. 420).   They add that this is â€Å"creating a generalized culture of educational competition. From younger ages, more youth are being encouraged to view school as a competitive arena in which they must strive to get ahead† (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 420). The most obvious result of this is the re-entry of schooling into many homes.   The number of home schooled children has increased in significant amounts over the last years. Aurini and Davies (2007) claim that while years ago home schooling was â€Å"dominated by a coalition of religious fundamentalists and experimental ‘unschoolers’ a variety of subgroups are now emerging, with very different goals that range from nurturing minority identities, to meeting special educational needs, to simply seeking a superior form of education† (p. 462).   While home schooling only affects 2% of students in Ontario it is â€Å"‘shedding its image as a social or educational aberration’† (Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 462). In addition, while home schooling was badly seen for many years, most specifically with regard to its legal standing, recent legislature have given it a new level of legitimacy.   These new policies allow boards of education to â€Å"deem that children are receiving satisfactory instruction at home simply by accepting notification from parents†Ã‚   (Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 4).  Ã‚   In addition the provincial government no longer asks home schoolers to strictly adhere to traditional schooling methodes, and now recognize home schooling as an adequate alternative to that taught at public schools. While many scholars argue that home schooling is a result of government intervention and badly run schools Aurini and Davies take a different stand point.   Clearly the neo-liberal outlook on home schooling is that a badly funded and organized public schools are not providing children with the education that parents would like them to have.   A second explanation is that a fast paced economy is requiring a different type of education for its future workers.  Ã‚   According to this argument, â€Å"the ‘new economy’ is raising credential requirements and intensifying labor market competition† (Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 4). Aurini and Davies (2007) argue that the distinctive trait of home-schooling has to do with the ability of children to better express themselves in a home environment.   They claim that, â€Å"rather than seek instrumental advantages, many of its practitioners aim to remove children from market (and bureaucratic) settings, reasoning that they are too precious to be entrusted to the care of others† (p. 4) What Can be Done? Canadian public high schools are no doubt moving into an era where shrinking budgets and mounting outside pressures are causing numerous problems within.   Schools are in disrepair, teachers are underpaid, and classes are overflowing.   Cowley (2001) states in frustration that, â€Å"Parents want better schools. Students want better schools. Teachers, counsellors, principals, superintendents, members of local school boards, and officials in the Ministry of Education want better schools. Taxpayers and employers want better schools.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And we may well be going in a vicious circle.   It is clear that high schools and other public schools need more money to keep up.   Finn states that the call is the same every year.   It is for â€Å"smaller classes, more teachers, more teacher training, more technology, more special programs, more hours in the day, more days in the year, et cetera.† He further claims that â€Å"In both Canada and the United States, this has long been our chief approach to making schools better. It is like our chief approach to making lots of things better: install a larger engine, replace the tires, and add more chrome.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet, how is this possible when in the example of the United States per pupil spending has tripled since the 1950s (Finn).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Public schools have had no choice and will have no choice but to change to meet ever increasing demands placed upon them.   And as they change the private schools will become more and more necessary to parents seeking the education that their children need to survive in the future.   Some believe that the very creation of private schools will force and overall change in education on both ends.   Autini (2006) believes that the advent of private education has resulted in the re-molding of public education.   The interjection of private schools onto the field of education has resulted in the altering of old public school tenets. While private education entities adopt public school models such as credentialed teachers, age-defined grades and courses such as math and science they, â€Å"are also seen to ‘loosely couple’ by avoiding stark performance indicators such as standardized tests and y embracing broad, often vague goals such as socialization and inclusion† (Aurini, 2006, p. 83).   In addition, â€Å"these strategies permit schools to integrate a variety of objectives and ward off inspection that would otherwise expose inefficiencies and inconsistencies† (p. 84). Private educators legitimize these alterations by relying on arguments of increased individualism and technical advances (Aurini, 2006, p. 83).   They claim to be satisfying consumer demand for more individual education programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is also important to note that many private high schools have not been successful when competing with public schools (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 423).   In fact the history of performance contractors is sometimes one of â€Å"rapid ascent quickly followed by failure† (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 423).   It appears as though business are more successful when they don’t have to come up against public, free educational options such as preschools, colleges and private tutoring enterprises.   As tutoring is a form of supplementary education that does not compete directly with public schools it is exempt from this type of market competition from public schools (Aurini and Davies, 2004).   This of course is important to take into consideration when discussing high schools in Ontario, which remain over 90% public.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Conclusion Whether private high schools are successful or not it is clear that they are not only affecting the market but the whole of the education system in Canada.   Their rise in the previous years from institutions created with skepticism to viable alternatives to public education is significant.   Clearly the degradation of public high schools is closely linked to the neo-liberal economic model calling for less government and more markets.   It is a model that claims to know the answers to our future and to the future of our children.   Market competition will make for a better school system with more individual choices.   Private high schools mix well with the current individualistic tendencies shown in parents and students and which so clearly fit in with the core tenets espoused by private institutions. As we have seen in this work private high schools are not always the best high schools, neither socially nor economically.   The best schools may be the ones that allow for the greatest insertion into our ever-changing society by it’s students.   Fotopoulos, in an (2004) claims that, culture in general and education in particular play a crucial role in the determination of individual and collective values. This is because as long as individuals live in a society, they are not just individuals but social individuals, subject to a process that socializes them and induces them to internalize the existing institutional framework and the dominant social paradigm. (p.15) Social apt students are often the most successful students.   It might be relevant to discuss just how much individualism is good for us, our society and our schools. References Aurini, J.   (2006).   Crafting Legitimation Projects: An Institutional Analysis of Private   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Education Businesses.   Sociological Forum   21, 83-111 Aurini, J.   (2004).   Educational Entrepreneurialism in the Private Tutoring Industry:   Ã‚  Ã‚   Balancing Profitablity with the Humanistic Face of Schooling.  Ã‚   The Canadian Review of   Ã‚  Ã‚   Sociology and Anthropology   41, 475-492. Aurini, J Davies, S.   (2007)   Choice without markets: homeschooling in the context of   Ã‚  Ã‚   private education   British Journal of Sociology of Education 26, 461 474 Aurini, J Davies, S.   (2004).   The transformation of private tutoring: education in a   Ã‚  Ã‚   franchise form.   Canadian Journal of Sociology 29,   419- Cowley, P.   (2001).  Ã‚   Report Card on Ontarios Secondary Schools: 2001 Edition.   The   Ã‚  Ã‚   Fraser Institute   http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pbid=239 Davies, S.   (1999).   From Moral Duty to Cultural Rights: A Case Study of Political   Ã‚  Ã‚   Framing in Education   Sociology of Education 72, 1-21. Finn, C.   (2001)   â€Å"Reinventing Public Education Via the Marketplace.† The Fraser Institute   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pbid=270 Fotopoulos, T.   (2004).   Democracy, Paideia and Education: Culture, the Dominant Social   Ã‚  Ã‚   Paradigm, and the Role of Education   In Ross, W. E.   Defending Public Schools. (15-29).   Ã‚  Ã‚   Westport, CT.:Praeger. Gabbard, D. A.   (2004). Welcome to the Desert of the Real: A Brief History of What   Ã‚  Ã‚   Makes Schooling Compulsory   In Ross, W.E.  Ã‚   Defending Public Schools.   (3-14).   Ã‚  Ã‚   Westport, CT.: Praeger. Geiger, K.   (1994).   Rethinking American Schools in the Psot-Cold War Era: Introductory   Ã‚  Ã‚   Remarks from the NEA President.   Financing Education   33, 63-66 Hall, E. and Handley, R.   (2004).   High Schools in Crisis: What Every Parent Should   Ã‚  Ã‚   Know   Westport, CT.: Praeger Ross, W. E.   (2004).   General Editors Introduction: Defending Public Schools, Defending   Ã‚  Ã‚   Democracy   In Ross, W.E.   Defending Public Schools.   Westport, CT.: Praeger.   4 Trouble in Ontario’s small schools   (2004). People for Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.peopleforeducation.com/releases/2005/sept21_04.html

Stress In The Medical Field Psychology Essay

Stress In The Medical Field Psychology Essay Problems of stress in various professions have attracted the attention of psychologists of different directions for a long time. A big majority of classical studies have shown that prolonged stress exposure leads to such adverse effects as the decrease in overall mental stability of the organism, the emergence of dissatisfaction of its activities, the tendency to reject assignments in situations of increased requirements, setbacks and defeats. Analysis of the factors that cause similar symptoms in different activities shows that there is a number of professions in which a person begins to feel self emotionally drained by the internal need for continuous contact with other people. It is a well-known fact that the medical profession like any other is related to interpersonal interaction, so timely diagnosis and correction of such violations are highly relevant to doctors and nurses. Thus, we are going to discuss stress in the medical field combining its impact on professional doctors a ctivities and personal lives. First of all, the interest in occupational stress in doctors is provoked by general trend towards the humanization of modern science, which is reflected in a wide variety of industries from the theory of management teams, to the fundamental philosophical epistemology and methodology of science. One manifestation of this trend is attracting the attention of researchers to the subject of professional activity, in particular the effect of chosen occupation on the nature and character of the person. Another reason for interest in this problem is the tightening of requirements for the professionals of different profiles and requirements tempo and rhythm of a modern lifestyle. The requirements for representatives of the so-called helping professions need additional attention, because their psycho-physiological state directly influences the effectiveness of their professional activities, whose importance in contemporary society can hardly be overestimated. In particular, studying of this problem in the annex to the medical staff is the question of extremely high importance, because exactly a human life is often the possible price of any mistake in their activities. Thus, the group of observation is doctors who provide mental, urgent, or palliative care and doctors in hospices. In psychology under the term stress we should understand the mental stress that occurs in humans under the influence of complicated, difficult, unfortunate circumstances of activities and daily life, or in special, extreme situations. As the stressors (the factors leading to the rise of human stress in short-term, and to the development of severe, long-lasting experiences) can be adverse physical effects of environmental emergencies, physical and psychological trauma, etc. Mental stress that arises under the influence of stressors may be a useful adaptive significance, mobilizing people to overcome difficulties. This phenomenon, for example, is well known to athletes or actors, prestarting excitement which serves as a setting for the upcoming activities. However, if stress is too high because of the intensity of exposure or its unexpectedness, human resources may be insufficient to cope with stress, and it begins to have a destructive effect on the person until the appearance of physiological disorders and complete disorganization of human life. Observing stress factors among doctors in hospices we see that exactly among people of this occupation the problem of occupational stress acutely announced itself at the present time, because in the modern post-industrial society, peoples attitude to work is changing at a pace that does not come across any previous generation. In developed countries, especially today, when the economic crisis continues, workers are increasingly losing confidence in the stability of their own social and material status, warranty in the workplace, and material well-being. Competition for the prestigious and highly paid job is rather high nowadays. On the one hand, parallel processes are taking a narrow specialization in the profession, and on the other hand the globalization of related industries is popular. Demand of the labor market is changing rapidly and facing some difficulties, one can not fully realize the accumulated energy due to physiological stress. As a result this energy begins to destroy human character and soul. In this case, instead of completely normal stress reactions the organism begins to literally tear apart the mechanisms of distress, when the energy can not be realized in constructive activities. As a consequence, a mental, emotional stress associated with stress in the workplace increases. People find in their behavior symptoms of revealed anxiety, depression, emotional burnout syndrome, psychosomatic disorders and other malfunctions. It leads to growing dependence on psychoactive substances, including alcohol, tranquilizers and other psychotropic substances. Thus, the data presented in Dollard, Winefield Winefield work shows that 81,4 % of examined doctors, 85,9% of nurses and 79,8% of medical students use alcohol. Also 33,3% of surveyed students regularly drink beer and other alcoholic drinks. (Dollard, Winefield Winefield, 2003). Thinking about the future of medical students and according to Levey we see that medical students are inundated with stress from the start of their medical training as they attempt to adjust to lifestyle changes and increasing hassles incurred by the demands of medical education. Characteristics commonly associated with medical training and identified as situational or professional stressors include: variable hour shifts, sleep deprivation, cumbersome administrative responsibilities, poor administrative support, and curriculum overload (Levey, 2001). Dollard, Winefield Winefield stated that Additional characteristics are: perceived lack of professional knowledge and skills, health care policy changes, difficult patients, patient care, life and death situations, and unexpected shill in academic performance. Further stressors mentioned in the literature include family responsibilities, incurring financial debt, decreased chances for social, leisure, or physical activities, decreased s upport network due to relocation, cultural and minority issues, and inadequate coping skills (Dollard, Winefield Winefield, 2003). The interest for the topic of stress in the medical field was provoked by Wicks words who wrote in the foreword for his own book, describing the appearance of stress and hardships of medical profession, the following: Who among us has not identified with the young leukemia patient who is refractory to treatment and scared to death, or the midcareer professional deeply unresponsive and too young to have had this massive stroke, or parents trying to absorb into their consciousness the sudden accidental death of a child? Instead of the afflicteds Why me? the caregivers frightened imponderable becomes Why not me? What roll of the dice, what act of fate, what divine intervention preserves me from any one of these circumstances? What makes it possible for physicians and nurses to confront these patients and circumstances day after day with caring and therapeutic resolve and to walk the balance beam between the paralyzing fear of their own mortality and the numbness of emotional disengageme nt or indifference? And while the hospital environment is the epicenter of personal exposure, the reminders are distributed ones day from office visits with patients to telephone calls with distraught family members. In each encounter, we see ourselves separated from our patients circumstances by the luck of the draw but believe at a subconscious level that we are somehow protected. Its like wearing a Red Cross arm badge in the battlefield. (Wicks, 2006) This phrase deeply impacts on people who work in the medical field and we can say with confidence that the structure of clinical manifestations of occupational stress among specialists of the helping professions (so-called emotional burnout) includes different features that bring together this phenomenon with the number of traditional mental (such as asthenic neurosis), and psychosomatic disorders. This state of affairs suggests the presence of etiopathogenetic structure of occupational stress in psychological level, playing almost the leading role in the origin and development of this phenomenon. WHO European Ministerial Conference (2005) noted that the stress associated with work, is an important issue for about one-third of workers in the European Union. The cost of solving problems related to mental health in this context includes in average 3-4% of gross national income of developed countries (Wicks, 2006). Observing literature about stress in medical field it was found that among physicians (as it was mentioned above the focus group for this project is doctors in hospices) as among other health professionals, there is a higher incidence of mental disorders compared with the averages in the population, and it is generally considered that it is connected with the peculiarities of the medical profession. In 1997, one of the issues of the journal Advances in Psychiatric Treatment was devoted to the overall theme of mental disorders among physicians with an emphasis on phenomenology and treatment. Interviewing Dr. Thomas, who is the doctor in hospice it was found that stress greatly influences not only professional life, but also personal life of any doctor. Dr. Thomas stated that often the patients life depends on the timely receipt of adequate medical care for high-quality rendering of which the doctor of hospice requires self-discipline, high level of concentration and clarity of action. The need for rapid decision-making under tough time constraints and information leads to long-term emotional suspense and, as a consequence, the development of stress. Dr. Thomas also mentioned during the interview that among health care workers professionals who are most distinguished by a heightened sense of responsibility, willingness to always come to the aid for the patient, the desire to be important, the desire to provide psychological support, a high degree of moral duty to the patient and the desire to conform to certain ethical-deontological requirements, experiences about their professional competence are in the group of risk for the stress development. While making the research of stress in the medical field it was found that according to British researchers as it was stated by Levey, in 41% of the cases among general practitioners high levels of anxiety are revealed, and clinically evident depression is present in 26% of cases. (Levey, 2001). The third part of doctors use medication for correction of emotional stress, and the amount of alcohol use exceeds the average level. According to Wicks stress is provoked by three types of factors in the big majority of cases (Wicks, 2006). In such situation personal role and organizational factors have the leading place in the medical field. Personal factor. It describes burning doctors as sympathetic, humane, gentle, fond, idealists, people-oriented, and at the dame time unstable, introverted, obsessed by fixed ideas, fiery and easily identifying themselves personalities. Role factor. The relationship between the role conflict, role ambiguity and emotional burnout was observed many decades ago. Wicks stated that employment in the case of a clear division of responsibility limit the development of stress in the medical field (Wicks, 2006). Moreover, doctors who feel fuzzy or uneven distribution of responsibility for their professional actions, understand that this factor increases sharply, even at much lower workload. Organizational factor. The main organizational factors that contribute to stress burnout include: high workload, lack or absence of social support from colleagues and management, insufficient remuneration for work, a high degree of uncertainty in assessing the work performed; inability to influence decision-making process; ambiguous requirements for the work; the constant risk of penalties, monotonous and unpromising activities, the need to outwardly show emotion, that is not conform to reality, lack of holidays, vacations and interests outside of the own medical profession. It is also necessary to mention that among the other important factors in the development of stress are the destabilizing organization of activities and unfavorable psychological atmosphere in the team. Making the accent on the development of stress among doctors of hospice we should mention that high medical pressure, twenty-four-hour regimen with the mandatory duty, the expectation of complications in the condition of patients require a high functional activity of the organism and can be qualified as the leading professional pathogenic factors. In addition, an aggravating effect on the health of workers has the contact with dying patients when the health worker does not see the positive results of the own efforts to save the patient and often feels his own weakness. As a result there can be mentioned developing brain disorders in the form of neurosis, hypertension, stenocardia, ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract and other health problems. It is obvious that professional activities often have an adverse impact on individuals that leads to depression. The greater medical workload lead to the fact that health care worker experiences less pleasure from the process of his own work. Exceeding regulatory number of patients, a large amount of clerical work-design, low technical equipment of the workplace and the permanent shortage of drugs also contribute to the manifestations of fatigue and nervousness. From the ergonomic factors doctors in the hospice often observe eye strain, overload of the musculoskeletal system. Thinking about the way how stress in the medical field relates to culture it is possible to say that the recent radical changes in society have an additional psychological burden on the medical staff, since society needs the higher quality workers in a much shorter time since economic restrictions are providing health services. Innovation activities of health care institutions is focused on the practical use of scientific and technical results and intellectual capacity to expand the range of services, methods for their production, to improve quality of care and meet patients needs for high quality medical services, and ultimately to optimize the level of health among population. The most part of health professionals who work in an innovative environment, have long working hours, overtime, associated with combining positions or additional training workload (training, development of new methods of diagnosis and treatment). Intensification of professional activities affects the health, helping to increase the level of overall incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases. In addition to the above observed facts Dr. Thomas stated that people working in health care facilities are often subjected to considerable personal stress They have problems in the private life because they cannot show their feelings to other people and have the predominant feature of the medical profession to deny the problems related to personal health. Due to the research work in the medical field we can state that among doctors in hospice there is a widespread idea that the stress at work is like a failure and doctors own weakness. Thats why stress calls denials based on the feeling of guilt and leads to the fact that doctors have many difficulties in admitting of the existence of these problems, respectively, it is difficult to share and solve them timely. Thinking about the negative impact of stress on the work of any doctor we should pay the specific attention to the fact that development of this state contributes to certain personality traits a high level of emotional lability (neuroticism), high self control, especially when expressing negative emotions with the desire to suppress them, the rationalization of the motives of personal behavior, a tendency to increased anxiety and depressive reactions associated with unattainability of internal standard and blocking negative emotions, rigid personality structure. The paradox is that the ability of health care workers to deny their own negative emotions can sometimes be a power in their hands, but often it becomes their weakness. Therefore it is useful to remember that we are always a part of our problem, or part of their solutions is always in our mind. Thus, the fieldwork shows that the syndrome of burnout is accompanied by the daily, routine professional work, often requiring from physicians a sufficiently intense, not spontaneous, unimportantly conflict, but for different reasons emotionally intense communication with patients, and therefore it is not associated with its extreme conditions. So, it becomes clear why frequency and intensity of this syndrome are much higher among oncologists and doctors in hospice than among surgeons or traumatologists. It is impossible to leave without attention the fact that the restriction of the possibility of using existing personal potential, the monotony of work, a high degree of uncertainty in the assessment of the work, dissatisfaction with social status are noted among the characteristics of communicative professions that have a significant impact on the development of stress. And only after the above numerated factors physicians emphasized that they considered low pay and poor working conditions as stress factors, considering them important, but not leading, as it often seems to be the sources of occupational stress in health care workers. Conformity / fail capabilities of professional in the medical field and social conditions of his activities lie in the focus of the problem of occupational stress. Therefore, this issue was explored in complex of specialist communication profession and its social environment. Emotional infectiousness burnout syndrome, which also emphasizes its social nature plays also an important role in the discussion of the information in this project. In conclusion, stress in the medical field and occupational stress in its wide sense are not the problem of difficult people, but the problem of difficult (unsolved) cases in the relationship and structure of interpersonal relations, fuzzy symbols of social roles and responsibilities, lack of emotional support from counterparts and leaders.