Shareholders Rights

Requirements for Valid Action at a Sh beholder Meeting * memorize ordinance, bylaws and articles * 1. Authority for the get together * 2. Proper notice (or waiver of notice) * 3. Quorum * 4. Required bet of votings cast in favor 1. Authority for Meeting * The see must be authorized * Look to statute(predicate) and bylaws for authorization * Annual meetings MBCA 7. 01 * peculiar(prenominal) meetings MBCA 7. 02 * Court ordered meetings MBCA 7. 03 * Who may call a special sh beholders meeting? 2. Proper punctuate * hold back MBCA 7. 05 Del. 222 * a) Must the meeting notice situate the purpose of the meeting? Annual meeting MBCA 7. 05(b) * Special meeting MBCA 7. 05(c) * demean A moment of provisions in the applicable breadbasket statute will contain special notice provisions. carry out, e. g. , MBCA 10. 03(d) * b) Who is entitle to notice? * by and large only shareholders entitled to pick out MBCA 7. 05(a) * only shareholders on record ensure MBCA 7. 07 Del. 213 * Note In some cases shareholder who are not entitled to vote are entitled to notice. chance, e. g. , MBCA 10. 03(d) & 11. 04(d). * c) What about electronic notice? * See MBCA 1. 1(c) Del. 232 * d) stub notice be waived? * Notice (or a defect in a notice) may be waived expressly or by liaison in the meeting. See MBCA 7. 06 Del. 229 * e) What notice is inevitable in the case of an adjourned meeting? * See MBCA 7. 05(e) 3. Quorum Requirement * See MBCA 7. 25(a) Del. 216 * a) Can a greater or lesser quorum be authorized? * See MBCA 7. 27. The articles of in good deal may bid for a greater than majority quorum * See MBCA 7. 25 Official ex placement 5 (lesser quorum) * Compare Del. 216, which also permits the bylaws to vary the quorum requirement * Why would a corporation permit a lower than majority quorum? * b) Can shareholder, by withdrawing from a meeting, break a quorum? * See MBCA 7. 25(b) (no) * Not all corporation statutes (e. g. , Del. ) address this issue * in that respect is some case law contra to the position adopted by the MBCA 4. Required Number of Votes * Traditionally the required issuance of votes is a majority of those present in person or by proxy. See Del. 216 * The rewrite Model Act takes a different approach. See MBCA 7. 5(c) * What is the difference between the Del. approach and the MBCA approach? * What about choices of directors? * The trend is to only require a plurality of votes cast. See MBCA 7. 28(a) and Del. 216 * What is additive voting for directors? How does it par with straight voting for directors? * See MBCA 7. 28(c) Del. 214 * What are the advantages of cumulative voting? * What are the possible disadvantages of cumulative voting? * Only a small nonage of states require cumulative voting * Of those that permit cumulative voting, most (including the MBCA and Del. are opt in statutes * Why does the MBCA require notice before cumulative voting is permitted? * How valuable is cumulative voting? * a) Can the amount of votes required for shareholder effect be increased? * See MBCA 7. 27 and Del. 216 * Del. allows supermajority voting requirements to be placed either in the certificate or bylaws * b) several(prenominal) types of shareholder action find special voting requirements * Some types of action require a majority of the votes entitled to be cast. See, e. g. , MBCA 10. 03(e) * Non-voting shareholders may have statutory right to vote on some things.See Del. 351 * IT IS IMPORTANT TO learn THE STATUTE What about meeting minutes? * Is a meeting validated without minutes? Supermajority Quorum or Voting Provisions * The ability to raise quorum and vote requirements provides a tool that may be used to protect minority shareholders * Use of this tool increases possibility of shareholder deadlock * Is deadlock ineluctably bad? Determining Who is Entitled to Vote * How does a corporation image who is entitled to vote (and to notice)? * See MBCA 7. 07 * What about bene ficial owners? * See MBCA 1. 40(22) and Del. 219(c) * See also MBCA 7. 23. There is no equivalent Del. provision Proxy Appointments * Does a shareholder have to be present in order to vote? * See MBCA 7. 22 and Del. 212 * Why is a proxy appointment in general only valid for a limited period of time? * MBCA (11 months) Del. (3 years) * When is a proxy appointment revocable? * Generally this is a question of commission law * The MBCA has a detailed provision on revocability * A number of problems can arise from the use of proxies. One is that of conflicting proxies * Is an e-mail, telegraphic or facsimile proxy valid? See MBCA 7. 22(b) Del. 212(c) & (d) * While the typical corporation statute does not impose significant requirements as to the form of a proxy, the due south proxy rules do impose requirements for publicly held corporations * See SEC Rule 14a-4, suppl. p. 1671 Conduct of the Meeting * The Revised Model Act presently intromits some rules governing the conduct o f a shareholder meeting. * See MBCA 7. 08 * There is no comparable Del. provision * The bylaws of a Del. corporation may include provisions similar to the rules in the MBCA. Cf. sample bylaws, suppl. . 1117 Election Inspectors * The Revised Model Act and the Del. Act require some corporations to have election inspectors and set out the duties of such inspectors * See MBCA 7. 29. See also Del. 231 * In other corporations, the bylaws may provide for election inspectors Action by pen Consent Without a Meeting * Do you have to have a shareholder meeting? * Action may be taken by signed written consent without a meeting * See MBCA 7. 04 and Del. 228 * Notice may be required to nonvoting shareholders or, in Del. to non-consenting shareholders * Read the applicable statute * Can the written consent procedure be used in publicly held corporations? * Why or why not? * Can a written consent be revoked? * See MBCA 7. 04(b) Welcome to the 21st hundred To what extent may electronic forms of communication or participation be used? * Can notice be given electronically? MBCA 1. 41(c) Del. 232 * Can a person participate in a meeting without organism there? Del. 211(a) MBCA 7. 09. * Can a meeting occur completely in cyberspace? Del. 211(a)

Rainbow Troops Movie Review

Laskar Pelangi The audacity of go for Laskar Pelangi (The Rainbow Troops) is a 2008 Indonesian put d feature adapted from the popular Indonesian allegory by Andrea Hirata. The movie follows a group of 10 cultivateboys and their twain sacred instructors as they seek with poverty and develop hopes for the future in Gantong colonization on the farming and tin digging island of Belitung off the east slideway of Sumatra. The film is the lavishlyest grossing in Indonesian box office hi explanation1 and win a number of topical anaesthetic and international awards. The Rainbow Troops was a 2008 Indonesian film adapted from the popular Indonesian brisk by Andrea Hirata.The movie is nigh an inspiring teacher and her 10 students in the poverty-stricken Kampung Gantong in Belitong. The pitiable condition of their trail building does non dampen their high inspirit and hopes for a better future. The movie, set in the 1970s, The Rainbow Troops, set on Belitong Island, Indonesia, tells the storey of a tight-knit group of students and their teachers fighting for reproduction and dignity, even as they face continual hardship. Fabulously rich in cancel resources, Belitong is alike home to chronic poverty and educational discrimination.This amazing st get along with tells of a persis ecstasyt young teacher and her tireless efforts to fight for her ten students ripe(p) to an education. Together, they watch out the reader on a journey through the knockout of childhood friendship, the inspiration of love, and the power of education. The students magnetic personalities and unflagging determination are sure to inspire. Here is a movie adapted from a popular Indonesian invigorated. It took 40 mean solar days of filming on Belitong Island, Bangka-Belitung province, involving 12 local actors, and reportedly cost Rp 8 Billion.With all the efforts of transforming Laskar Pelangi (Rainbow Warrior) into a moving picture, dep finesse it satisfy readers imaginati ons? Laskar Pelangi, the novel, was written by Andrea Hirata in 2005, found on the writers own experiences. It is reasonable well-nigh an inspiring teacher and her 10 students in the poverty-stricken Kampung Gantong in Belitong. The light condition of their school building does non dampen their high spirits and hopes for a better future. Two age later, the novel became a phenomenon in Indonesian literature.With its humanistic touch, Laskar Pelangi has change more(prenominal) than 500,000 copies and has won the position of genus Must-Read Novel in ein truth corner of the nations bookshops and media survey pages. It finally overcame the command of teenaged-lit, chick-lit and even religious novels, the popular theme of today. Andrea entrusted the filming of the story to respected figures in the film industry, Mira Lesmana and Riri Reza, as producer and film director, respectively. Mira and Riri are two people with high integrity in the movie- qualification industry in Ind onesia.I believe they pay back a unique(p) perspective in creating their work, says Andrea. Mira, who consecrate a record at the Indonesian box office with teen flick Ada Apa Dengan Cinta and childrens adventure movie Petualangan Sherina, says ( afterwards reading the novel) I matte like being slammed and was so ashamed of myself. How could I complain or so our movies poor condition, while far away in Belitong in that respect are 10 children and a teacher whose lives are far worse than mine. sole(prenominal) if they simmer piling dare to have hopes and dreams. They struggle to overcome all obstacles with a smile. Riri makes a similar comment. I think the novel is in truth evoke and it is important it be filmed. Interesting because it consists of m each aspects such as educational, brotherly and political issues. It is also important because it has an inspiring effect of hope and non giving up, while living a very hard life. In July 2007, Mira and Riri started pre-produ ction, which took a year to finish. Together with scriptwriter Salman Aristo they decided to create a unalike scenario for the film. Novels and movies are two diverse things. Each has its own specialties and limits.It is very natural for the movie to have a slightly different content than the novel, says Riri, who won a Citra film award for his movie Eliana Eliana in 2005. Mira admits she has no worries well-nigh the possibility of negative responses from adapting the novel into a film. The film bequeath at long last bring in our consultation, whether they have read the book or not, just to relax, enjoy and be ready to be affected by different experiences, she explains. The film was shot on location on Belitong Island, the setting of the novel. cardinal of the roles were guideed by local children. In my opinion, there wont be any actors with a deeper connection to the roles than those who were born and lived in Belitong their entire life, Riri says to explain his reasons for move authenticity. Some veteran actors such as Ikranegara, Slamet Rahardjo, Alex Komang, Jajang C Noer, Mathias Muchus and Robbie Tumewu will appear. And there is also fresh blood to satisfy youngsters, such as Tora Sudiro, Rieke Dyah Pitaloka and manage Mini. Cut Mini (playing the central character, the teacher Muslimah) admits she found it challenging to play Miss Muslimah, described as a loving, tender, patient and smart fighter.It is just a character that differs from any other role she has ever taken. Thats why, when I got the role, I was soooo happy. I kept on practicing and memorizing the script three hours a day and got acting tutoring directly from Riri himself. I also got the chance to hear Miss Muslimah in person, to get to know and learn more of her echt character directly, she says, admitting there is also a great expectation from the audience (especially the readers of the book) to see the Miss Muslimah character in the movie. Ive given my best and I hope the au dience can accept it, she adds. Film is an form of art with a multidimensional influence. It has the ability to influence, move and change point of view, behavior, feature and society. Being aware of the power of film, many of those concern in making the costly Laskar Pelangi are committed to its success. Behind the scenes Mira and Riri wish the message is original by the audience. They hope it will stir the emotions of all those who watch it. satisfy dont boast out about how great your country is, when youre still ignoring the education aspect of it, Mira says. LASKAR PELANGI adalah adaptasi dari novel terkenal karya Andrea Hirata. Novel yang awalnya didedikasikan untuk sang ibunda guru tercinta, kemudian meledak menjadi bestseller, dan kini hadir dilayar lebar. Dua sineas muda, Mira lesmana dan Riri Reza adalah orangutang yang berhasil mewujudkanya. Naskah lengkap pelangi di tulis oleh Salman Aristo. Film Laskar Pelangi merupakan produksi ke-9 Milles Films dan Mizan productio n.Seprti di novelnya, Cerita LASKAR PELANGI berlatar belakang kehidupan di pulou bangka belitong pada pertengahan tahun 1970 an Hari pertama tahun ajaran baru glasswort ini sangat menegangkan bagi kedua guru SD Muhammadiyah, Muslimah (Cut Mini) dan Pak Harfan (Kranagara), beserta 9 orang murid dan orang tua mnereka. Pasalnya, jika tidak mencapai 10 orang, maka sekolah akan di tutup. Adalah Harun orang yang kesepuluh menyelamatkan mereka. The first day in tahun ajaran baru this measure is tighten for two teachers in Muhammadiyah elementary school, Muslimah and Mr Harfan, with 9 students and their parents.Because, if the school doesnt have 10 students, the school has to be c support. Harun is the 10 syudents who save them. Bu M us pun menjuluki kesepuluh anak dengan keunikan dan keismagazinewaannya masing masing itu dengan nama Laskar Pelangi. Selama lima tahun bersama, Bu Mus, Pak Harfan dan kesepuluh murid, berjuang untuk terus bisa sekolah meski mereka harus menghadapi beragam ta ntangan serta tekanan untuk menyerah. Di tengah upaya untuk tetap mempertahankan sekolah, mereka kehilangan sosok yang mereka cintai. Ms Mus named the ten students with their uniqueness and their speciality with Laskar Pelangi.For 5 years, Ms Mus, Mr Harfan and the ten students, struggle hard to defend their school altough they have to face a solidification of challenge and pressure to give up. In the middle to defend their school, they lose someone who they loved Film ini dipenuhi kisah tentang tantangan kalangan pinggiran, dan kisah penuh haru tentang perjuangan hidup menggapai mimpi, serta keindahan persahabatan yang menyelamatkan hidup manusia, dengan latar belakang sebuah pulau indah yang pernah menjadi salah satu pulau terkaya di Indonesia.This film full with story about kalangan pinggiran, and touch story about perjuangan live to reach their dream, and the bonny of friendship that save a people live, with background in a beautiful island that ever been one of the richest is land ind indonesia Novel itu mungkin dapat menyadarkan kita terutama pelajar akan penting arti bersyukur.Saya mungkin termasuk anak yang beruntung karena saya masih memiliki kedua orang tua yang masih mampu bekerja banting tulang sehingga dapat menyekolahkan saya di sekolah yang cukup bagus, membelikan saya peralatan sekolah yang lengkap, dan menyediakan sarana prasarana yang saya butuhkan dengan cukup lengkap. Padahal dalam novel itu anak-anak yang bersekolah di SD Muhammadiyah sangat serba kekurangan. Sekolah yang bisa dibilang sangat tidak layak dipakai, pengajar yang hanya berjumlah dua orang, kelas yang dipakai harus berganti-gantian, sungguh menyedihkan sekali sekolah itu.Namun dengan keadaan yang seperti itu para pengajar beserta murid-murid masih dapat melakukan proses belajar mengajar dengan baik. Mereka masih dapat menikmati kegiatan mereka dengan baik. Saya sangat suka sekali dengan tokoh Lintang, ia adalah sosok yang patut dicontoh. Kegigihan dia untuk menempuh jarak 80 km bolak-balik rumah dengan sekolah selain tiu ia harus menempuh bahaya bertemu buaya tidak menggoyahkan niatnya untuk belajar. Padahal kalau saya menjadi Lintang saya belum tentu mau melakukan hal itu, karena jarak 40 km untuk ke sekolah idaklah dekat apalagi ada buaya. Bukankah lebih baik saya di rumah saja dan belajar di rumah atau membantu orang tua bekerja. This novel maybe can menyadarkan us, especially student about the grandness to be grateful. Maybe we also the lucky child, because we still have parents who still can work hard, so theyt can menyekolahkan us in candid school, buy us peralatan sekolah yg lengkap, etc. in fact, in this novel, the children who go to school in Muhammadiyah elementary school is very kekurangan.Semangat tidak mudah putus asa mungkin saat ini sudah jarang, padahal sebagai generasi muda harusnya kita punya semangat pantang menyerah seperti tokoh-tokoh laskar pelangi tersebut. Sebab dengan tidak mudah pantang menyerah segala sesuatu yang kita ingink an akan lebih mudah tercapai. Sebagai bukti Ikal dengan segala kekurangan baik materi dan keadaan sekolah yang tidak memadai akhirnya dapat melanjutkan sekolah hingga ke perguruan tinggi, bahkan ia dapat bersekolah di luar negeri. Hal di atas merupakan sesuatu yang dapat saya temukan setelah membaca laskar Pelangi walaupun masih banyak lagi.Mungkin sebaiknya yang belum membaca Laskar Pelangi dapat segera membacanya atau menonton di bioskop untuk dapat memahami dan merefleksikan apa yang dibaca ke dalam kehidupan kita masing-masing. This article will smear my first Indonesian movie coverage, and the film that had moved my interest this time is Laskar Pelangi which literally in English can be describe as Rainbow Troops. What I can say about this film when I once seen the preview was this is a film about minorities life in majorities of narrative, acting and cinematography. Based on a best seller novel that sold more than 500. 00 copies in Indonesia, Laskas Pelangi authored by Andre a Hirata has told about the struggling of teacher and 10 students for education in a remote place called Belitong. The beautiful views of Belitong that set on Bangka Belitong province in Indonesia, like you can observes it below by the film images, yet one reason that keep intriguing my mind. Its a place that able to bring some of my childhood memories back, a memory of that striking blue beach view decorated by snow white sands and big coral reef, along with it great sight of sunset.Almost 100% shoots of the production were truly taken in Belitong island with real native Belitong children whos all was the first-timer in acting had involved as the main(prenominal) casts. What the film producers Mira Lesmana and Riri Riza whos also in cathexis as the director wanted with performing these native Belitong children is to build course chemistry between the story and actors. From the beginning we did not think about using outside actor for playing as Laskar Pelangi children figure. So , actor track down and casting process already we did from the beginning of production, Riri state. Even these children have no experiences with acting world, but they are very talented children, have courage, no shy to try, and the most important, they could presented main figure at this film, Mira continued. After hunting and casting process in Belitong, finally 12 Belitong have chosen to play the students character and in spite of that, they also not forgetting to cast the professional actor for the film. 12 big name Indonesian actors also have presence, they are Cut Mini, Ikranegara, Lukman Sardi, Ario Baru, Tora Sudiro, Slamet Raharjo, Alex Komang, Mathias Muchus, Rieke Diah Pitaloka, Robbie Tumewu, Jajang C.Noer and Teuku Rifnu Wikana. As Laskar Pelangi producer, Riri Riza said Laskar Pelangi has unique story, fully dynamic life with appeareance of 10 strong character students and an ambitius teacher which has big and noble wishes. And Andrea Hirata is very important factor w hy we would make film based on this book. First time meet with Andrea, there is enthusiasm shown at himself. Meet him like watching bright illumination sunny, very inspiring. This film has been scheduled to be release on this 25 September in Indonesia. Laskar Pelangi, the novel, was written by Andrea Hirata in 2005, based on the writers own experiences. It is about an inspiring teacher and her 10 students in the poverty-stricken Kampung Gantong in Belitong. The poor condition of their school building does not dampen their high spirits and hopes for a better future. Two years later, the novel became a phenomenon in Indonesian literature. With its humanistic touch, Laskar Pelangi has sold more than 500,000 copies and has won the position of Must-Read Novel in every corner of the nations bookshops and media review pages.Actually, this was the first book and the global description of his 3 other books on the tetralogy included Sang Pemimpi (The Dreamer), Edensor and Maryamah Karpov. Th e story which taken place in a small village called Gantung in East Belitong is about the childhood of ten young Malay race children who all of them has a different story and personality but they all have the same condition in live that is poverty. They all join together in a poor school that in a threshold to be closed down if the school can not collect 10 or more new students.Meanwhile in tit there was just plainly 9 children, then suddenly a child named Harun at the age of 15th with mentally disorder (retarded) sign in, which then just exploit the school problem by accepting 10 student in that time. Since that time the entire 10 student has join together in a lifetime bonding and make a group of LASKAR PELANGI. Ikal (the main character), Lintang (the science genius boy), Mahar (the art genius boy), A kiong (the kind affectionateness Chinese boy), Syahdan (who wants to be an actor), Kucai (the head of the class for all the time), Borek a. . a dogshit (the muscle boy), Trapani ( the handsome boy who can not be by from her mother to long, later on he was diagnose as saturnine mother complex), and Sahara (the only girl in the group forward Flo come). The laskar pelangi all have a deep fondness to pelangi (rainbow) and every time after raining, they all get together in a filicium tree diagram and stared on the rainbow with story from the art master Mahar. It helped a lot that their teachers were very dedicated and willing to sacrifice their own wellbeing for the sake of the kids.though they are not invest in the mind, they are very gifted in the way of the spirit and unendingly talked in a very uplifting way. They symbolize patience, hard work and perseverance. Though they were trained only to teach a certain subject area, the impoverished state of the school has forced them to teach the kids everything from singing to physics. Fortunately, through the grace of God, two of these 10 were born geniuses and managed to teach the other kids things of the min d that the teachers can only be amazed about.All of these kids childhood is full with happiness although poverty was always be around them, but they manage to find their happiness in it, with high educational spirit they all fight for their future and hoping it will be better than the present that they live on. Initially, Andrea Hirata was trying only to even out himself with his bitter past when he decided to write about the early fragments of his life. One thing in his mind was to share his manuscripts with childhood friends who had been in the same boat.Living with a lack of almost everything is traumatic, especially for children, he said recently. Its a real struggle to go back in time to growing up in a poor approximation (in Belitung), while next to our place was a giant state mining company that had all the luxuries in the world to offer its staff and their families, said Andrea. An economics graduate of the University of Indonesia, Andrea received a scholarship from the E uropean Union, which allowed him to take his masters degree at the Universite de Paris, Sorbonne, and at Sheffield Hallam University in the UK. (But) my childhood period lingers at heart me. My memories of that period of my life are the fondest. I learned then about sincerity, friendship and the many virtues that perhaps todays children cannot learn from their environments the way I did. Andrea seemed to find his panacea when he decided to write. He could not stop. This debut novel was completed in less than six months. Here, I will not try to compare the film with the novel version because in in reality I still havent read it yet, but I hope this big screen version will be resulting as good as the novel version had done.

“5th grade autobiography” and “the writer” Essay

Both Doves and Wilburs poems are written from the perspective of an older source looking hold up at youth. Although in 5th Grade Autobiography the author writes of her induce youth from a first person perspective whereas the in The source the author writes about his daughters youth from an outside perspective, two wonderfully impart the happy feeling of childhood through graphical descriptions of the soft and pleasant nuances that make childhood so blissful.Rita Dove shows us herworld through the lens of a fifth grader. She envies her older fellow despite the fact that he is depicted as young and inexperienced, shown by his poor choice to squat in poison ivy. Her grandparents have a very strong presence and are given just as lively a role as her young brother. Pictures of luminous felines behave to mind when she describes her grandmother, a youthful and vibrant staple in her world. grandad smells of lemons, a bright, zesty, lively smell, and is imprinted in her life memories of Christmases.Richard Wilber manages to conjure a too blissful/childish world encompassed by the sounds of a typewriter, beautiful burnt lime windows, and the majestic and dreamlike positioning of his daughters room. He pulls us further into this blissful illusion by using words and descriptions alluding to a ship, drifting into the orphic open water away from the rest of the world. After bringing us into the peaceful ranges of a childs world, both authors send us plummeting into deep thought.Dove does so by abruptly letting us knowthat this grandfather is no longer alive but his memory or hands still exist in ourminds as it did when it was written in this 5th graders autobiography. What does this say about her grandfathers human race and death? Perhaps that recording it through a photo or even the writing of a 5th grader, it has become eternal. This pushes us to cerebrate about the sheer power of writing our thoughts and experiences down on paper.Richard in like manner make s us consider the strength and power that writing has even for youth. The setting of his daughters writing turns into the prison trapping the delicate starling. The heart-wrenching fight down of the song shit to free itself from theconfines of the room, smashing its delicate body against the window until it finally slips free, it equated to the daughters struggle to get her words on the page.The young writer continuously pauses her finger-smashing to collect herself and continue on in her writing, similar to the bird repetitively picking up and trying again to find freedom. The gibbose and bloody bird is seen as his daughter, fighting with all its life pinch to free itself from the constraints we humans feel as writers until we finally break free, the comparable struggle his daughter faced in that very room.

Moral nihilism Essay

When determining the status of goodity thither is lead different options. chastes may be the different between objectives, relativistic, or it may be a complex set of rules. Moral nihilists be like relativists by traverseing honest objectivism however, relativists cerebrate in virtuous goodness, duty and virtue and nihilists fall apartt. wrongful conduct theorizers and packivism ar both forms of moralistic nihilism. flaw theorists look at our moral judgments atomic number 18 almodal values mis chance onn. Expressivists dont agree and to a fault deny that our moral claims can ever finisher an accurate take on reality. (307)Error theory and expressivism argon two forms of moral nihilism. Error theorists believe our moral judgments are always mistaken. (307) While expressivists deny those beliefs and deny, that our moral claims can never offer an accurate take on reality. (307) The error theory is made of three doubts/claims. The archetypal is there are no moral fe atures in this world. Error theorists believe that nothing is morally good or bad, or right and wrong. Exemplified in the book many scientific qualities in the world (liquids, being three feet long, carbon based chemicals) but none of them contain moral features.The next doubt of error theorists is no moral judgments are true. There are no moral f turnings so indisputable statements made cannot be true. The one-third corresponds to the second doubt, our sincere moral judgments try, but always give way, to describe the moral features of things. Since there are no moral truths for moral decisions, all of our moral claims are mistaken. These three principles used by error theorists lead to the decision of no moral k directledge. The fourth claim counteracts and answers the third height. There is no moral knowledge when means knowledge requires truth.(307) If no moral truths are given there can be no moral knowledge. Error theorists necessitate it to be know that all moral though ts are wrong. They believe that moral thoughts are not believable and large number who believe in them are lies. Error theorists stand by there main point morals is nothing but a fiction. Error theorists are kind of like atheists. The example in the book is error theory is to ethical motive as atheism is to religion. They both deny truths of widely live on views. Atheists dont believe in god yet a very large percent of the population believes in god sluice if there are many different gods.Error theorists deny holiness even though many people live life off of their moral beliefs. You can gauge of atheists are error theorists close to religion. Atheists think there are no religious beliefs in the world and when religious people try to preach, atheists believe they never speak the truth ab give away god. Error theorists have agreed that the main disbelief of pietism is the assumption of objective moral beliefs. These beliefs supply us with an excellent earth for obedience, re gardless of what we care about. (309) Morality is objective and provides the ones who believe in morality with categorical reasons.If you dont agree with categorical reasons thusly this boot outs error theorists true that there is no such thing as morality. To prove that error theorists are right they have to convince people of how they came out with the thought that morality is a lie. Error theorists must starting time prove that morality is a commitment to categorical reasons. If morality doesnt rely on these and they can prove a different way to live off of moral reasonings, then error theorist are wrong. The second point is that error theorists must show that at least of the moral assumptions are false.Its good that many people havent heard of the error theory because if error theorists can prove the moral theory wrong, there would be terrible results. People would now believe they have been living a lie their entire life. If morality is proven wrong, people leave behind do whatever they want and everyone provide soon go crazy. If error theorists are correct, they must defend themselves that morality is objective. Expressivism is like error theory with a few changes in certain places. Expressivists accept the first two beliefs of error theorists. The first there are no moral features in this world. The second belief no moral judgments are true.The beliefs that separates error theory and expressivism that expressivists think they are not trying to speak the truth while making moral judgments. Error theorists believe our sincere moral judgments try and always fail to describe the moral features of things. (312) Expressivists vent their emotions and are known to make others act certain ways by making a plan of action. Expressivists want to have confidence in morality while also denying ethical objectivity. Expressivists say moral claims cannot be true, then this makes it very difficult to get word how moral argument is possible.An argument to this theo ry is that a expiry must be true provided that its premises are true. My opinion would be that expressivists theory cannot be true. The other claims they make cant be used. If the first two parts are true then the third cannot be true. If the two parts of the argument are true the conclusion will be as well. Expressivists warn to not be fooled by the lilliputian similarity between factual claims and moral ones. (315) Moral claims are known as nihilism that would meanMoral claims are nothing essentially. They express our personal feelings. Thats how expressivists express peoples moral judgments. reason with all that I have learned with the different theories and morality. Morality is a set of objective tasks and rules to oblige by, giving us specific reasons to do everything that we do. Error theorists believe there is no such thing as morality. Moral beliefs are all lies in other words.They think out moral thinking is about assumptions in our head that is a lie. Expressivists are the same as error theorists and believe that denying moral duties supply us with categorical reasons. (317) Error theorists believe morality is all fake in peoples heads. I believe with the error theorists about morality.

Pros and Cons of Computers Essay

During this time, at that place are a lot of changes that has happened to our world. New discoveries and finesses were found. One of these inventions is the ready reckoner. By this car, our guidance of life and thinking have drastically changed. There are advantages and disadvantages of use this machine.For example, because of computers we give the axe store data and make stay in its passe-partout state, like pictures, documents and other things. This was not possible in the earlier time. Because of it, we can store large amounts of data and make this data available for manipulation at anytime we needed it (Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.5). Computers have made information immortalper se. This machine has economized a lot of time for us, it has made processing, which took us ages to finish, through with(p) in a matter of seconds. This involves computing, organizing, screening images, recording and playing audio, and showing a video (Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.2). All thes e are simplified by computer in a quick time. In addition, this machine is very durable, it rarely breaks with proper care(Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.3).Even if computers have good to us, but it can in like manner bring harm to us. Like the violation of privacy, many of us save ad hominem information on computers, but there are instances that these computers be hacked by another person, and this person will can spread your personal information or steal your identity(Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.9). Also there is the health risk, raze if there are proper position or usage of the computer, intimately of us tend to disregard these memos, and because of our ignorance and prolong use of computers we experience seizures, wrist bone tunnel and other disorders (Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.8). There is also the effect on our industries. several(prenominal) tend to lay off workers, because this machine can do it more than consistent and accurate than the average man (Shelly & Verma at, 2011, para.11).The computer is great invention for of us, but we must control ourselves and acknowledge the disadvantage, not only the advantage. Gary Shelly and brumous Vermaat. Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers .

Narcissism in Young People

brisk NARCISSISM concession A 1. conceit is a persuasion, which describes the trait to assume got an exaggerated skin perceptiveness of self-esteem, based on the persons ego. A person who suffers from Narcissism feels a demand for being treated better than others. The person is in truth busy concerning richesiness and fame, and considers himself as a person who natur each(prenominal)y has to be in the centre of everything. An example of a person who suffers from Narcissism is a boy from Bumfuck, Tennes retard called Chris Crocker. He became famous from one day to another, only by uploading a film on the internet. In this film he cries and screams consecrate Britney alone , beca economic consumption he remembers that mint have been too hard on her and dont deliberate of what she has been through. The strange thing is that he has put d bring forth all this and even, swollen enough, uploaded it on YouTube. Maybe Chris Crocker didnt do all this only to express his strong vi ew, still also to become famous. Because already two weeks after the uploading he talks in an interview closely hiring a bodyguard. You give notice definitely say that Chris Crocker lives up to the idea of Narcissism. He is definitely busy concerning fame and he finds it obviously natural that everyone wants to hear his opinion of Britney Spearss situation. But dont we want that?The film has been watched nearly 40 million times, and this proves that we actually want to see and hear his opinion, except also that we, as cab atomic number 18t lets people as Chris Crocker become famous, in spite of their lack of talent. Our acceptation of this vain behavior is definitely caused by the pheno handson NEW NARCISSISM It all begun with the myth from Greek culture, which is the story behind the notion Narcissism. The myth tells us round the handsome youth Narcissus, who is obsessed with his own beauty. The myth tells that the Gods punish him, by letting him fall hopelessly in love wit h his own reflection, which he sees in the water of the lake.He turns mad and develops a desire to maltreat his beautiful body. Many years later Freud reviews the notion, and was the initial to use it in connection with psychiatry. Soon afterward people recognised amour propre as a medical condition with the symptoms of vanity, self-importance and egotism. A narcissist is described as a man who, if he was wedded the choice to bring one effect to a desert island, would aim a mirror. 100 years after Sigmund Freud, the social critic Christopher Lasch relates narcism to society. He maintains that society reproduces its culture and the ego is a mirror of this culture.Lasch uses way of life to describe narcissism, by explaining that it has existed for a very capacious time. The Victorian dandies, who tested to imitate aristocratic values, in the same way as the sweet Romantics reflected the materialism of Thatchers Britain. Lasch tells us that narcissism has developed so that it isnt only elitist followers of fashion, exactly also middle class men in their early forties, who submit to surgical operations, especially penis extensions. How vain can you be As Nacissus did in the myth, people maltreat their bodies by surgical operations.But in the typical spirit of narcissism, the doctor Viel says that these operations do nothing but help peoples self-esteem. The new narcissists ar not only obsessed with their looks, now they also want immediate stardom. A fine example of this is the X-Factor audition, where more than 150. 000 people were ready to be humiliated in front of many million people. As we see for ourselves on TV Friday nights more than 80% are classic narcissists and convince that they deserve success, even though they can neither sing nor perform.When the narcissists cant get famous because of their lack of talent, they use the internet to get attention, as Chris Crocker did, believing that people want to read their everyday doings. The narciss ists use the internet to promote themselves, by showing their private snaps, blocking about themselves and attempting to interest people in their badly demos. On the internet they have the opportunity to talk about themselves all the time, without anyone interrupting them. Facebook, MySpace and the other blocking sites are simply the dream world of every narcissist.Christopher Lacsh believes that the internet, apart from being a site to promote yourself, also offers a feeling of solidarity and even a substitute family. The author Andrew Keen says about this that its even change for the social cohesion. The internet lumps all people together, in other oral communication tars with the same brush. You can compare it with the story of Chris Crocker. A few years ago he would have been described as a freak, but nowadays the attention-seeking freak is famous. This is due to the fact that he merely reflects society and its culture.In short narcissism has developed from just being synonymo us with a medical condition where the patient has an exaggerated feeling of self-esteem. Now its called new narcissism and has changed from being self-absorbed to focusing on fame, wealth and perfection. The new narcissists see themselves as exceptional and set unrealistic goals for their future, but especially for their looks. Therefore the expression new narcissism means that people straight off are willing to do anything to achieve fame, attention and wealth for their own benefit, even though its only 15 proceedings of fame (Andy Warhol) . . Student narcissism on the rise (text 2) has the same message as Me, Me, Me, (text 1), that the young people are more selfish than ever before. Janice McDuffie part blames the parents for being too soft on their children protect them from the real, tough world, which causes the children to believe they are allowed only to be thinking about themselves. This makes them too rose-colored and confident about their futures, which doesnt commit them enough in the mold of education and social needs.McDuffie believes it can be dangerous in the long run, if the young continue their narcissism. Do todays young people truly think they are so extraordinary? (text 3) says, unlike the other two articles, that at that place has not been any significant change in the students attitude towards themselves. Jimmy Carter supports his statement with a research from a university in Western Ontario where they were unable to show any increase in the narcissism of todays youth, compared to earlier studies, and therefore disproving the term generation me.The two texts couldnt have said anything more different. Text 2 Student narcissism on the rise says that todays youth are more narcissistic than ever before, whereas text 3 Do todays young people really think they are so extraordinary? , says the totally opposite and maintains that the students today havent been more narcissistic than their predecessors. But both texts are supported by sc ientific studies, which only make it more unenviable for the reader to find out which is correct.

Comptronix Corporation Case Study

A439 Advanced Auditing be and Review run stop Home Quiz February 6, 2008Instructions1. On the Scantrom var. in loge labeled Test No. print Review serve. 2. Use the Scantron form to indicate your answers to the questions below.3. Turn-in the Scantron sheet on the due date.4. Open book, open none, online searches atomic number 18 all allowed.5. NOT allowed using other students, people or certified public banknoteant exam critique books. Suggestion If you plan to take the Auditing portion of the certified public restrainer Exam soon, take 10 15 minutes to look backward your notes and text, and so take the quiz without notes, etc.After that if you want to do research and change answers do so, just keep track of the original answers so you can task your companionship take for this topic.Questions1. Which of the following dictations is correct regarding a palingenesis encounter of a private callers fiscal statements performed in pact with the Statements on Stand ards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARs)? a. An comptroller must apply an discretion with the knob in an meshing letter. b. An controller must scram an understanding of the thickenings inhering control when performing a reassessment. . A review provides an accountant with a foundation garment for demoing express mail trust on the pecuniary statements. d. A review base contains an accountants opinion of the fiscal statements taken as a whole.2. Which of the following procedures does a CPA normally perform first in a review fighting in congruity with Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARS)? a. Inquiry regarding the clients principles and practices and the method of applying them b. Inquiry concerning the effectiveness of the clients system of internal ontrol c. Inquiry to identify transactions in the midst of related parties and management d. Inquiry of the clients professional advisors including bankers, damages agents, and consul tants.3. northeastward Co. , a privately held entity, asked its tax accountant, King, a CPA in public practice, to generate Norths interim financial statements on Kings personal computer when King prep ard Norths quarterly tax return. King should not submit these financial statements to North unless, as a minimum, King complies with the provisions of a. Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services. b. Statements on Standards for Un studyed Financial Services. c. Statements on Standards for Consulting Services. d. Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements.4. Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services establish regulations and procedures for which of the following engagements? a. Assisting in adjusting the books of account for a partnership. b. Reviewing interim financial information required to be filed by public companies with the SEC. . Processing financial data for clients of other report firms. d. lay in an individuals personal financia l statement to be use to obtain a mortgage.5. May an accountant accept an engagement to bundle or review the financial statements of a not-for-profit entity if the accountant is unfamiliar with the vary industry accounting principles but plans to obtain the required level of knowledge before compiling or reviewing the financial statements? a. b. c. d. Compilation No Yes No Yes Review No No Yes Yes6. In a review engagement, the accountant should establish an understanding with the entity, preferably in writing, regarding the services to be performed. the understanding should include all of the following except a a. Description of the nature and limitations of the services to be performed. b. Description of the tarradiddle the accountant expects to issue. c. Provision that the engagement cannot be relied upon to disclose errors, fraud, or illegal acts. d. Provision that any errors, fraud, or illegal acts that come to the accountants attention need not be reported.7. Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARSs) require an accountant to report when the accountant has a. Typed client-prep ard financial statements, without modification, as an accommodation to the client. b. Provided a client with a financial statement format that does not include one dollar bill amounts to be used by the client in preparing financial statements. c. Proposed correcting journal entries to be recorded by the client that change client-prep ared financial statements. d. Prepared, through the use of computer software, financial statements to be used by tierce parties.8. When an accountant performs more than one level of service (for example, a compiling and a review, or a compiling and an audit) concerning the financial statements of a private entity, the accountant ordinarily should issue the report that is appropriate for a. The lowest level of service rendered. b. The highest level of service rendered. c. A compilation engagement. d. A review engagem ent.9. An accountant should not submit unaudited financial statements to the management of a private company unless, at a minimum, the accountant a. Assists in adjusting the books of account and preparing the effort balance. b. Types or reproduces the financial statements. c. Complies with the standards applicable to compilation engagements. d. Applies analytical procedures to the financial statements.10. When act to compile the financial statements of a nonpublic entity, an accountant is required to let a level of knowledge of the entitys accounting principles and practices. This requirement just about apt(predicate) will include obtaining a general understanding of the a. declared qualifications of the entitys accounting personnel. b. Design of the entitys internal controls that have been implemented. c. happen factors relating to misstatements arising from illegal acts. d. inwrought control awareness of the entitys senior management.11. When compiling a nonpublic entitys financial statements, an accountant is least likely to a. Perform analytical procedures designed to identify relationships that appear to be unusual. b. withdraw the compiled financial statements and consider whether they appear to include adequate disclosure. c. Omit advantageously all of the disclosures required by generally current accounting principles. . come on a compilation report on one or more, but not all, of the basic financial statements.12. Which of the following should not be include in an accountants standard report based upon the compilation of an entitys financial statements? a. A statement that a compilation is limited to presenting in the form of financial statements information that is the representation of management. b. A statement that the compilation was performed in accordance with Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services issued by the AICPA. c. A statement that the accountant has not audited or reviewed the statements. d. A statement t hat the accountant does not express an opinion but provides totally negative assurance on the statements.13. How does an accountant make the following representations when issuing the standard report for the compilation of a nonpublic entitys financial statements? The Financial Statements Have Not Been Audited a. b. c. d. Implicitly explicitly Implicitly Explicitly The Accountant Has Compiled the Financial Statements Implicitly Explicitly Explicitly Implicitly14. When an accountant attaches a compilation report to a nonpublic entitys financial statements that drop off substantially all disclosures required by GAAP, the accountant should indicate in the compilation report that the financial statements are a. Not designed for those who are uninformed about the omitted disclosures. b. Prepared in conformity with a wide basis of accounting other than GAAP. c. Not compiled in accordance with Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services. d. Special-purpose financial stat ements that are not similar to those of forward periods.15. Which of the following representations does an accountant make implicitly when issuing the standard report for the compilation of a nonpublic entitys financial statements? a. The accountant is main(a) with respect to the entity. b. The financial statements have not been audited. c. A compilation consists primarily of inquiries and analytical procedures. d. The accountant does not express any assurance on the financial statements.16. Miller, CPA, is engaged to compile the financial statements of Web Co. , a nonpublic entity, in conformity with the income tax basis of accounting. If Webs financial statements do not disclose the basis of accounting used, Miller should a. relegate the basis of accounting in the accountants compilation report. b. distinctly label each page Distribution Restricted satisfying Modifications Required. c. bare a special report describing the effect of in the incomplete presentation. d. swallo w up from the engagement and provide no further services to Web.17. Which of the following should be the first step in reviewing the financial statements of a nonpublic entity? a. canvass the financial statements with statements for comparable prior periods and with anticipated results. . Completing a serial of inquiries concerning the entitys procedures for recording, classifying, and summarizing transactions. c. Obtaining a general understanding of the entitys organization, its operating characteristics, and its products or services. d. Applying analytical procedures designed to identify relationships and individual items that appear to be unusual.18. In reviewing the financial statements of a nonpublic entity, an accountant is required to metamorphose the standard review report for which of the following matters? Inability to Assess he Risks of Material Misstatement Due to Fraud a. b. c. d. Discovery of Significant Deficiencies in the Design of the Internal Control____ Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No19. Which of the following procedures should an accountant perform during an engagement to review the financial statements of a nonpublic entity? a. Communicating control deficiencies observe during the assessment of control risk. b. Obtaining a client representation letter from members of management. c. send bank confirmation letters to the entitys financial institutions. . Examining cash disbursements in the subsequent period for unrecorded liabilities.20. Which of the following procedures is usually performed by the accountant in a review engagement of a nonpublic entity? a. conduce a letter of inquiry to the entitys lawyer. b. Comparing the financial statements with statements for comparable prior periods. c. Confirming a significant percentage of receivables by direct communication with debtors. d. Communicating control deficiencies discovered during the consideration of internal control.21. playing inquiry and analytical procedures is the primary basis for an accountant to issue a a. Report on compliance with requirements governing major federal assist programs in accordance with the single Audit Act. b. Review report on prospective financial statements that present an entitys expected financial position, give one or more hypothetical assumptions. c. Management consultive report prepared at the request of a clients audit committee. d. Review report on comparative financial statements for a nonpublic entity in its second year of operations.22.Financial statements of a nonpublic entity that have been reviewed by an accountant should be accompanied by a report stating that a review a. Provides only limited assurance that the financial statements are pretty presented. b. Includes examining, on a test basis, information that is the representation of management. c. Consists principally of inquiries of company personnel and analytical procedures applied to financial data. d. Does not contemplate obtaining corroborating evidential ma tter or applying certain other procedures ordinarily performed during an audit.23.An accountant who reviews the financial statements of a nonpublic entity should issue a report stating that a review a. Is substantially less in scope than an audit. b. Provides negative assurance that internal control is functioning as designed. c. Provides only limited assurance that the financial statements are fairly presented. d. Is substantially more in scope than a compilation.24. An accountants standard report on a review of the financial statements of a nonpublic entity should state that the accountant a. Does not express an opinion or any form of limited assurance on the financial statements. . Is not aware of any material modifications that should be make to the financial statements for them to conform with GAAP. c. Obtained reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. d. Examined evidence, on a test basis, supporting the amounts and disclosu res in the financial statements.25. Baker, CPA, was engaged to review the financial statements of Hall Company, a nonpublic entity. Evidence came to Bakers attention that indicated substantial doubt as to Halls ability to continue as a going concern.The principal conditions and events that caused the substantial doubt have been fully disclosed in the notes to Halls financial statements. Which of the following statements best describes Bakers reporting responsibility concerning this matter? a. Baker is not required to modify the accountants review report. b. Baker is not permitted to modify the accountants review report. c. Baker should issue an accountants compilation report instead of a review report. d. Baker should express a qualified opinion in the accounts review report.26.When an attendant reports on financial statements prepared on an entitys income tax basis, the hearers report should a. Disclaim an opinion on whether the statements were examined in accordance with genera lly accepted auditing standards. b. Not express an opinion on whether the statements are presented in conformity with the comprehensive basis of accounting used. c. Include an write up of how the results of operations resist from the cash receipts and disbursements basis of accounting. d. State that the basis of presentation is a comprehensive basis of accounting other than GAAP.27.An auditors special report on financial statements prepared in conformity with the cash basis of accounting should include a specialize instructive paragraph before the opinion paragraph that a. Justifies the reasons for departing from generally accepted accounting principles. b. States whether the financial statements are fairly presented in conformity with another(prenominal) comprehensive basis of accounting. c. Refers to the note to the financial statements that describes the basis of accounting. d. Explains how the results of operations differ from financial statements prepared in conformity wit h generally accepted accounting principles.28. Delta Life Insurance co. prepares its financial statements on an accounting basis redress companies use pursuant to the rules of a state insurance commission. If Wall, CPA, Deltas auditor, discovers that the statements are not suitably titled, Wall should a. Disclose any reservations in an explanatory paragraph and qualify the opinion. b. Apply to the state insurance commission for an advisory opinion. c. Issue a special statutory basis report that distinctly disclaims any opinion. d. Explain in the notes to the financial statements the terminology used.

High School and School Teachers Essay

Abstract The report underscores the splendor of the skills that atomic number 18 most innate and associated with cargoner and college readiness, Paul Weeks says. Since many secondary take teachers argonnt familiar with the skills that sacrifice been identified as the most all-important(a) to keep up in college, mellow cultivate educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instructors would or else see more depth, not a broad campaign that be only an stillt against deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students toilette pass algebra but involve vastly variant experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly.Colleges round off illuminate titles but seldom evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. straight off we know what skills drag to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will work out in postsecondary education. Boone County sch ools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We require to make legitimate that every student is at that take aim of mastery. It drives everything we do, Karen Cheser says.To arrange students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication surname The Latino observation tower in high Education Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in luxuriouslyer Education Date 08/2013 Study Explores Why many High school Graduates Are not Ready for College by Gary M inflexible mental object Type Journal Article Abstract The report underscores the importance of the skills that are most essential and associated with career and college readiness, Paul Weeks says.Since many secondary school teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instructors would rather see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students can pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks.And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, Karen Cheser says. To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication Title .The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Date 08/2013 Study Explores Why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College by Gary M Stern Content Type Journal Article Abstract The report underscores the importance of the skills that are most essential and associated with career and college readiness, Paul Weeks says. Since many secondary school teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills.Postsecondary instructors would rather see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students can pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teac hers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, Karen Cheser says. To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication Title The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Date 08/2013.

Speech on Global Warming Essay

I would equivalent to begin with a statement. Our flat coat is in trouble. Can anyone of you argue with that? I suppose you could argue. And why is that? Because you have n ever deeply researched the concepts of either worldwide warming or climate change. So what can we learn from that? The first step of resolve a problem is macrocosm aw atomic number 18 of it. So you would ask what is globular warming? globose warming is exactly what you hear. The warming of the globe. The earths climate gets hotter and hotter until icebergs start melting causing massive floods, forests are fire and w reparation areas are left without any water because it has vaporized. So global warming can affect the economy of the countries, the health of the spate and the life history expectancy of our planet. If that is non a major problem, I dont know what it is. So, being aware. In a aline of explanatory studies and psychological model interviews that was conducted in 1994 responders regarded c limate change as both unfavourable and high ilkly.So far so good. But the majority of them addled stratospheric ozone depletion with the greenhouse effect which are two completely different phenomena. business relationship of ozone destruction with the two lines, the cloud and the human activities (a cloud that protects us from detrimental sun rays. But its just a cloud. The gases that came from human creations like sprays and cars started attacking to the cloud and that was so fragile that it opened all in allowing both(prenominal) stabbing sun rays enter our atmosphere.) So the responders were answering that the discernments for global warming are the use of car, emissions from industrial processes and pollution. And of course most of the solutions that they were proposing were things like we have to management on controlling pollution. I have news for you. The hole in the ozone layer is not the main cause of global warming. Global warming is linked mainly to the green h ouse effect which is caused by the gathering of too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.Carbon dioxides are in the green gasses emitted from the burning of fossil fuels. Those dioxides trap infrared beam of light and do not let it leave the earths atmosphere, resulting in warmer low atmospheric layers than the upper ones. Think of it as a blanket, trapping vex and warming the planet. I believe you are all familiar with sprays. Sprays used to contain some particles called chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs in short. Those were the main reason for the hole in the ozone layer. In 1989 CFCs were banned by the Montreal Protocol. Then,it was noticed that global warming slowed down. But like I said, the slowing down was not because the destruction of the ozone was mainly paused but because CFCs were 17,000 times more effective at trapping infrared radiation than carbon dioxides. So after managing being aware of the problem, one has to also recognize its existence in revision to solve it. Despite the desperate attempts of scientists and the earth itself to tell us that at that place is a major issue that needs to be tackled immediately in that location is still a number of people denying the very existence of the issue. in that location is a climate change denial which is, quote, a set of organized attempts to downplay, deny or dismiss the scientific consensus on the close of global warming, its significance, and its connection to human behavior. So those people are denying, not ignoring, denying, the scientific proofs of global warming and the relation with the human activities. Yeah, so the earth one day decided to start destroying itself. As for the significance of the problem, I give let the events speak for themselves 1) 2000, studies claimed confidently that greenhouse gases had contributed to floods in Britain, 2) 2010, heat wave (a long period pf time when a region has an abnormally hot weather) struck Russia, killing 50,000,3) 2011, Hurricane Irene slam s into the United states killing 45 people and leaving $10 billion in damages 4) 2011 Texas and Oklahoma play from the worst one-year drought on record 5) July 2011 June 2012, the hottest 12 months ever recorded, 6) January June 2012 the hottest 6 months ever recorded. I could go on until tomorrow. So its like the earth is screaming Im burning here and some people are just answering yeah right, or not listen at all. So now I will leave the decision up to you. Will you decide to listen?

Wh Review

World history Semester Exam/CBA Review (1) History. The assimilator understands traditional diachronic points of reference in world history.The educatee is pass judgment to (A) station study causes and drag the major(ip) effects of the pursuit events from 8000 BC to euchre BC the schooling of horticulture and the nurture of the river valley civilizations (C) tell major causes and signalise the major effects of the following principal(prenominal) turn of events points in world history from 600 to 1450 the feast of Christianity, the decline of capital of Italy and the formation of medieval europium the development of Islamic caliphates and their bushel on Asia, Africa, and Europe the Mongol invasions and their impact on Europe, china, India, and sou-west Asia (D) come across major causes and delineate the major effects of the following distinguished turning points in world history from 1450 to 1750 the rise of the tuffet Empire, the go of the Ming dynasty o n world trade, European exploration and the Columbian Ex interchange, European expansion, and the metempsychosis and the Reformation (E) identify major causes and describe the major effects of the following important turning points in world history from 1750 to 1914 the Scientific Revolution, the industrial Revolution and its impact on the development of modern sparing systems, European imperialism, and the Enlightenments impact on semi semipolitical revolutions and (2) History. The bookman understands how early civilizations developed from 8000 BC to 500 BC. The assimilator is expect to (B) identify the characteristics of civilization and (C) exempt how major river valley civilizations influenced the development of the classical civilizations. (3) History.The assimilator understands the contributions and influence of classical civilizations from 500 BC to AD 600 on subsequent civilizations. The school-age child is evaluate to (A) describe the major political, religious/phi losophical, and heathen influences of Persia, India, China, Israel, Greece, and Rome, including the development of monotheism, Judaism, and Christianity (B) apologise the impact of the line of Rome on Western Europe and (C) compare the factors that led to the transgress of Rome and Han China. (4) History. The student understands how, after the collapse of classical empires, new political, economical, and affectionate systems evolved and expanded from 600 to 1450.The student is pass judgment to (A) justify the development of Christianity as a unifying cordial and political factor in medieval Europe and the Byzantine Empire (B) rationalise the characteristics of Roman Catholicism and easterly Orthodoxy (C) describe the major characteristics of and the factors contributing to the development of the political/social system of feudal system and the economic system of manorialism (D) cond one and only(a) the political, economic, and social impact of Islam on Europe, Asia, and A frica (E) describe the interactions among Muslim, Christian, and Jewish societies in Europe, Asia, and North Africa (G) explain how the Crusades, the Black Death, the Hundred Years War, and the great(p) Schism contributed to the end of medieval Europe (H) total the major political, economic, and cultural developments in Tang and Song China and their impact on Eastern Asia (I) explain the development of the slave trade (J) consider how the Silk Road and the African gold-salt trade facilitated the spread of ideas and trade and (K) summarize the changes resulting from the Mongol invasions of Russia, China, and the Islamic world. (5) History. The student understands the causes, characteristics, and impact of the European Renaissance and the Reformation from 1450 to 1750.The student is expected to (A) explain the political, intellectual, artistic, economic, and religious impact of the Renaissance and (B) explain the political, intellectual, artistic, economic, and religious impact of the Reformation. (6) History. The student understands the characteristics and impact of the Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations. The student is expected to (A) compare the major political, economic, social, and cultural developments of the Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations and explain how prior civilizations influenced their development and (7) History. The student understands the causes and impact of European expansion from 1450 to 1750.The student is expected to (A) try out the causes of European expansion from 1450 to 1750 (C) explain the impact of the Atlantic slave trade on West Africa and the Americas (D) explain the impact of the Ottoman Empire on Eastern Europe and global trade (E) explain Ming Chinas impact on global trade and (F) explain new economic factors and principles that contributed to the success of Europes Commercial Revolution. (15) Geography. The student uses geographic skills and tools to collect, analyze, and yield data. The student is expected to (A) crea te and meet thematic maps, graphs, and charts to demonstrate the relationship between geography and the historical development of a region or nation and (16) Geography.The student understands the impact of geographic factors on major historic events and processes. The student is expected to (A) locate places and regions of historical significance directly related to major eras and turning points in world history (B) analyze the influence of human and material geographic factors on major events in world history, including the development of river valley civilizations, trade in the Indian Ocean, and the opening of the Panama and Suez canals and (C) interpret maps, charts, and graphs to explain how geography has influenced people and events in the past. (18) Economics. The student understands the historical ancestors of contemporary economic systems and the benefits of free enterprise in world history.The student is expected to (A) identify the historical origins and characteristic s of the free enterprise system, including the contributions of Adam Smith, especially the influence of his ideas be in The Wealth of Nations (19) Government. The student understands the characteristics of major political systems end-to-end history. The student is expected to (A) identify the characteristics of monarchies and theocracies as forms of government in early civilizations and (B) identify the characteristics of the following political systems theocracy, absolute monarchy, democracy, republic, oligarchy, limited monarchy, and totalitarianism. (20) Government.The student understands how contemporary political systems have developed from earlier systems of government. The student is expected to (A) explain the development of democratic-republican government from its beginnings in the Judeo-Christian heavy tradition and classical Greece and Rome through the English Civil War and the Enlightenment (B) identify the impact of political and legal ideas contained in the followi ng documents Hammurabis work out, the Jewish Ten Commandments, Justinians Code of Laws, Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the Declaration of Independence, the U. S. Constitution, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen C) explain the political philosophies of individuals such as potty Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Voltaire, Charles de Montesquieu, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Aquinas, John Calvin, Thomas Jefferson, and William Black scar and (21) Citizenship. The student understands the significance of political choices and decisions made by individuals, groups, and nations throughout history. The student is expected to (A) describe how people have participated in backing or changing their governments (22) Citizenship. The student understands the historical development of significant legal and political concepts related to the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. The student is expected to (A) summarize the development of the overtop of law from ancien t to modern times (23) Culture.The student understands the history and relevancy of major religious and philosophical traditions. The student is expected to (A) describe the historical origins, central ideas, and spread of major religious and philosophical traditions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Sikhism, and the development of monotheism and (B) identify examples of religious influence on various events referenced in the major eras of world history. (24) Culture. The student understands the economic consumptions of women, children, and families in different historical cultures. The student is expected to (A) describe the changing roles of women, children, and families during major eras of world history and (25) Culture.The student understands how the development of ideas has influenced institutions and societies. The student is expected to (A) summarize the fundamental ideas and institutions of Eastern civilizations that originated in C hina and India (26) Culture. The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created. The student is expected to (A) identify significant examples of art and architecture that demonstrate an artistic saint or visual principle from selected cultures (27) Science, technology, and society. The student understands how major scientific and numerical discoveries and technological innovations affected societies prior to 1750.The student is expected to (A) identify the origin and diffusion of major ideas in mathematics, science, and technology that occurred in river valley civilizations, classical Greece and Rome, classical India, and the Islamic caliphates between 700 and 1200 and in China from the Tang to Ming dynasties (B) summarize the major ideas in astronomy, mathematics, and architectural engineering that developed in the Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations (C) explain the impact of the printing press on the Renaissance and the Reformat ion in Europe (E) identify the contributions of significant scientists such as Archimedes, Copernicus, Eratosthenes, Galileo, Pythagoras, Isaac Newton, and Robert Boyle. (29) affable studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including electronic technology.The student is expected to (A) identify methods used by archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, and geographers to analyze record (B) explain how historians, when examining sources, analyze frame of reference, historical context, and point of view to interpret historical events (C) explain the differences between primary and secondary sources and examine those sources to analyze frame of reference, historical context, and point of view (D) evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information close to the author (E) identify bias in written, oral, and visual material (F) analyze info rmation by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, drawing inferences and conclusions, and ontogenesis connections between historical events over time (H) use appropriate interpretation and mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs. (30) Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.The student is expected to (A) use social studies terminology correctly (B) use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation (C) interpret and create written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information and (D) transfer information from one medium to another. World History Semester Review 2012 Directions Answer the following questions victimization definitions, examples and explanations of the wideness of each term, person or idea. 1. How did the Neolithic Revol ution change the development of human culture? _____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.List the advancements in proto(prenominal) River Valley Civilizations and their importance on development of culture __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. List the political structure of Early River Valley civilizations and their importance on development of culture __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is a monarchy? wherefore did this type of government develop? Give examples fr om Early & Classical civilizations of monarchies. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What role did religion play in politics of ancient civilizations (theocracy)? Why is it important to understand the religion of ancient civilizations? Give examples of theocracies in ancient world. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. exempt the significance of the Code of Hammurabi. Who was Hammurabi? Why is this document considered a corner stone for societal development? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Who were the Ancient Hebrews? What is the contribution to the development of ancient (and subsequent) societies? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. liken and contrast Spartan and Athenian Society. Why were these two

Values Attitude and Lifestyle

Vals Values attitude and lifestyle December 18, 2011 by Hitesh Bhasin Vals which is withal cognize as values attitude and lifestyle is one of the primary ship canal to perform psychographic segmentation. All three terms be intangible in nature and therefore give an idea of the inert nature of the consumer. If you slam what your consumer is thinking, you would know what kind of promotions or communications will attract him most. And how do you know what the consumer is thinking? By determining his vals Values, attitudes and lifestyle. VALS is different for different pile.Lets believe income as an recitation. If you argon a person with eminent income your lifestyle would in all probability include habits of the SEC A furcate such as eat out of home frequently and that too in top class restaurants, wearing only branded clothes and buying the best cars out there. Whereas if you be a middle class income group consumer, you would be to a greater extent wary of outlay money and would rather constrict on savings. So now how does VALS affect a marketer? Lets say you were a banker. What would you dispense someone who had a full(prenominal) income lifestyle?You would sell them investment options and would also dedicate a relationship manager to take c be of their needs. In fact, the bankers also have a term for high income individuals known as HNI high networth individuals. But, if your lifestyle was that of a low income customer, you are more presumable to be targeted for savings History of the term VALS VALS is real a proprietorship term of SRI international. The term was developed by Social scientist and futurist Arnold mitchell. Arnold mitchell actually developed the vals framework to determine different classes of hatful who had varying values, attitudes and lifestyle.These deal were determined by the resources they had at their disposal as well as the amount of money of primary innovation they could lease or create. Thus the people with l ow resources were low on innovation and the ones with higher resources were higher in innovation. This formed the basis of the VALS framework. The VALS framework Image source SRI International As mentioned in the history of VALS, The VALS framework was developed keeping a consumers resources as well as his capacity to accept innovation in mind.The X axis consisted of primary demand (explained below)and the Y axis consisted of resources such as income, education, confidence etc. Thus these two factors were determined to be fine to define the values attitude and lifestyle of any consumer. Resources Included resources functional to an individual such as income, education, intelligence, emotional support, etc. Primary motivation Which determined what actually drives the individual. Is it friendship, the desire to achieve something or is it to be social.After researching preceding(prenominal) 1500 consumers, Arnold mitchell actually divided consumers into 9 different types based on the amount of resources they had as well as their capacity for primary motivation. These classes of consumers based on their VALS were. Innovators The class of consumer at the top of the vals framework. They are characterized by High income and high resource individuals for whom independence is very important. They have their own individual degustation in things and are motivated in achieving the finer things in life. Thinkers A well educated professional is an jumplent example of Thinkers in the vals framework.These are the people who have high resources and are motivated by their knowledge. These are the rational decision making consumers and are well informed around their surroundings. These consumers are believably to accept any social changebecause of their knowledge level. Believers The subtle difference between thinkers and believers is that thinkers make their own decisions whereas believers are more social in nature and hence also believe other(a) consumers. They are characterized by lower resources and are less likely to accept innovation on their own.They are the best class of word of express consumers. Achievers The achievers are mainly motivated by guess what Achievements. These individuals take to excel at their job as well in their family. Thus they are more likely to purchase a brand which has shown its success everyplace time. The achievers are said to be high resource consumers but at the same time, if any brand is rising, they are more likely to deal that brand faster. Strivers Low resource consumer group which wants to reach some execution are known as hard workers. These customers do not have the resources to be an achiever.But as they have values similar to an achiever, they fall under the striver category. If a striver can gain the necessary resources such as a high income or social status then he can move on to becoming an achiever. Experiencers The group of consumers who have high resources but also need a mode of self-importance looking at are known as Experiencers. Mostly characterized by young adults,it consists of people who want to experience being different. This class of consumers is filled up with azoic adopters who spend heavily on food, clothing and other youthful products and services.Makers These are consumers who also want self expression but they are hold in by the number of resources they have. Thus they would be more focused towards expression a better family rather than going out and actually spending higher amount of money. Making themselves into better individuals and families becomes a form of self expression for the Makers. Survivors The class of consumers in the Vals framework with the least resources and therefore the least likely to adopt any innovation. As they are not likely tochange their course of action regularly, they form into brand loyal customers.An example can include old age pension earners living exclusivelyfor whom the basic necessitiesare important and they are least likely to concentrate on anything else. Thus the vals frameworkcan be used mainly to classify consumers based on their values, attitudes and lifestyle. Once the classification has been done, you know which types of customers you want to target. Depending on your target customers vals, you can make up your marketing dodging and your promotional message such that it hits your audience at the right spot.

Public Health Nursing Acts in Emergency Disasteres

he assignment for this cover asks around a possibility that could happen in my community. A disaster is any(prenominal) natural or human-made incident that causes disruption, and or devastation requiring external service (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, p.508). The purpose of the paper is to deliver the goods culture how the professional restrain fight back in the community when a disaster take place.The disaster selected for the paper is a chemic plant fire explosions. I reside in an area that is reported to subscribe quite a few chemical plants. In terms of human-made disaster prevention, the oblige should be aware of bad targets and rate of flow vulnerabilities and what can be done to eliminate or relieve the vulnerability (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, p.512). Preventing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters and emergencies are the nurse roles for emergency disasters. Clinical astuteness and decision-making skills Public health nurses skills are necessary to provide temporary housing, with canonical health needinesss such as water and food resources, for mass who must evacuate their homes and provides a safe place to eat, sleep.Age specifics are taken into consideration because of vulnerability and give deal need for the older adult community and children. Developing and testing systems for childcare and elder-care during universal health emergencies could reduce the turn on of competing responsibilities for nurses (OBoyle, Robertson, & Secor-Turner, 2006). Children require special protection, especially nursing babies, infants and under-fives (ODPEM, 1989). Several nurses skilled to exercising safely and competent are necessary for patient care in the event of a disaster in the community. The nurses must have companionship of the environmental factors and the risk they put to themselves and former(a) during the disaster.The public health nurses knowledge of the geographical locations of medical facilities and cl inic to transport patients seriously wound needing care are important to all persons involve in the disaster. Nurses need awareness of the surrounding medical facilities and services provided in their area, including alternate care sites and medical shelters (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). The public nurses are educated, trained andskilled to respond speedily to aid in the disaster. Nurses have unique skills for all aspects of disaster to include assessment, priority setting, collaboration, and acknowledgmenting of both preventive and acute care needs (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, p.511).The nurses provide education and emotional support to the community. It is the role of the public health nurse to communicate with all healthcare professionals such as physician, other nurses, emergency medical team, the emergency coordinator, and fire department personnel actively take part in the emergency disaster. Communication with health care participants will attend them in rapidly establi shing priorities and necessary actions during the emergency disaster. Communication and collaboration among other health care professionals is unfavourable for delivering safe effective patient care all areas of care.The nurses on the watch at the Baccalaureate level must have knowledge of laws and ethics when making clinical judgments, and decision making. Nurses incorporate critical thinking, research and evidence base practice, informatics, cultural sensitivity and awareness in their practice when communicating information to other health care professional. Nurses prepared at the Baccalaureate level are educated to use respectful communication and collaboration to aid in care coordination, delegation, and conflict resultant role in any situation when caring for patients and individual in the community.Developing partnerships amid public and private health-care, emergency management, and law enforcement entities, while using current technology to promote timely sickness iden tification and reporting, can make better the daily capacity of a community to respond to illness and disease regardless of magnitude (CDC, 2013). Nursing StrategiesThere are strategies nurses can use in emergency disaster before it takes place. Work with the community providing education and statement to identify hazards that could affect their local area. Use communication techniques holding public meetings and events for the community geared towards improving the publics understanding of a disaster and how to address disasters that may arise. The health and safety of the community followe a disaster of any kind, therefore, depends on the ability of its residents to be disaster ready. (Adams, L., Canclini., S., 2008).Provide clear in-depth information about the chemicals hazards and the importance ofan organized response to the emergency of a chemical plant explosion. Encourage colleagues, by increasing awareness that disaster do happen in our communities. provide knowledgeable information about disasters. cast up programs with communities and facilities practicing drills and communication techniques. Drills enhance confidence in systems, individuals, procedures, and equipment (OBoyle, Robertson, & Secor-Turner, 2006). Nursing lead for prevention, preparedness and recovery is critical to ensure a multi-disciplinary, coordinated and evidence-based response for chemical plant disaster.Although public health nurses can function in many capacities, they are most likely to be deployed to the operations piece because they bring leadership capacity, broad understanding of community systems, nursing knowledge, skills, and abilities (ASTDN 2007). During a public health emergency, occupational health nurses can be instrumentals in facilitating schedules and assignments that limit worker exposure to physically and psychologically over-whelming events (OBoyle, Robertson, & Secor-Turner, 2006). Minimize errors owing to the absence of communication amongst health pr ofessionals.Accurate communication can reduce accidents and fatalities, latent hostility and emotional conflict between health care professionals and the community population. To sum this paper in short. Public health nurses roles are broad. The focus for nurses in the communities is to prevent diseases, provide teaching and education. The public health nurses experience and skills in the event of an emergency disaster promotes a positive degree outcome.

A Day at the Spa

The pressing question in this pillowcase is crowd out automated external defibrillators husband lives. The answer is yes. The secondary question is how many. With no other considerations the addition of defibrillators to a gyms first tending protocols will help save additional lives.But in order to adequately determine how many more lives defibrillators can save, one must project factors such as the overall health condition of the recipient, force turn inledge, and receipt time.Based on the details of this case, an on- rush defibrillators at Silvers Gym whitethorn save the majority of those expect 100 incidents. Of the 30 that would die forrader paramedics arrive, 24 will live with the mathematical function of the defibrillator. Of the remaining 70 that would other than live, im squargon-toed accustom of the defibrillator may ca engagement 2.1 deaths, saving 67.9 lives. The total expected number of lives saved with the on-sight defibrillator is 91.9.The estimates can no n be accurate, however, when considering the health issues that are evident in this case. Beginning with Tommy, high cholesterol and high blood closet changes the prospect that a defibrillator would be effective. Also, as people exercise in the gym their heart rates and blood pressures increases making them prone to a emergent cardiac arrest.If the increased rates from exercise are tangleded by miserable health conditions, like Tommys that changes the estimates to a much swallow figure as hearty. The use of CPS and EMT reply time besides change those figures. Finally, the actual condition that makes the person need medical aid heart attack, sudden cardiac arrest, or other condition changes the figures.Un learn personnel can non properly assess what aid to administer. Obviously mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is appropriate in some cases, the AED in others, and in some cases both cardiac resuscitation and use of the AED will be indicated. Untrained personnel may non know how to check for devices such as a sinoatrial node which affects the use of the defibrillator.Pacemakers could compound the improper use factor. There is a chance of improper use on a person who has no pacemaker. There may be a higher chance of improper use when a pacemaker is present.In Tommys case, since he was not breathing, CPR was a proper response to help restore his breathing. Without proper oxygen to the brain and heart the defibrillator may not have worked. Silvers Gym was not neglectful in Tommys death. Gym personnel administered CPR upon finding that he was not breathing.A proper and expected response. Had there been no personnel with CPR training, that would be a case for slight. Without knowing how quickly the call was made, a 12 minute response from EMTs was reasonable, so there was no negligence on the part of gym personnel calling, nor on the part of EMTs for poor response time. Also, it appears that the gym personnel immediately serveed to Tommys situation. Had there been no one in the lobby where Tommy was sitting, or had they not responded in a timely manner, there would be a case for negligence.The case states that CPR alone is not effective in treating SCA. From that statement it is safe to come to that CPR is effective in treating SCA if accompanied by the correct use of a defibrillator. However, in this case CPR and AED combined may not have been effective in countering the effects of high blood pressure and high cholesterol in a person who is overweight and does not exercise.CPR and AED treat symptoms, not underlying causes. Tommy had too many health essay factors age, weight, sedentary lifestyle, and two severe health conditions to justify a case of negligence against Silvers Gym.Defibrillators can and do help save lives. When gyms and sports facilities have defibrillator equipment on-sight, proper use of the equipment can prevent some unlooked-for deaths. It is important that there be trained personnel on sight who know how t o administer first aid and life saving procedures such as CPR.It is also important that they be trained in proper defibrillator use. Individuals also have a contributing factor in how well life saving procedures work for them. When people take more certificate of indebtedness and become more active in ensuring their personal health, they increase the likeliness that CPR, defibrillators, and EMT protocols will save their lives in extreme emergencies.Negligence occurs when gyms and athletic facilities do not have personnel properly trainedCPR and first aid. Or when there are not enough personnel on hand to monitor and respond to medical emergencies in those facilities. However, one cannot expect anyone, even well trained and highly skilled doctors to prevent death when several risk factors represent in one person.